Ataxia in Cats
Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 12/28/2016Updated: 04/15/2021
Veterinary reviewed by Michele K.
Ataxia in Cats - Signs, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What is Ataxia?
Ataxia itself is a symptom of an underlying disorder negatively affecting the cat's sense of motion and balance. There are a number of possible disorders that can lead to an unbalanced gait. Both the duration of the loss of control and the severity of the instability may vary, depending on what is causing the issue to exist. Ataxia may be a sign of something relatively benign, or of a life-threatening disease. 
When a cat experiences a period of limited or no muscle coordination, the condition is referred to as “ataxia”. 
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Average Cost
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Symptoms of Ataxia in Cats
The range and severity of signs associated with ataxia will vary greatly depending on the type of ataxia present, and the cause of the occurrence. Signs to watch for include:
  • “Wobbly” gait
  • Clumsy movements
  • Weakness
  • Swaying
  • Head tilting
  • Leaning
  • “Goose-stepping” (abnormally high steps)
  • Tremors
  • Vomiting
  • Abnormal eye movements
  • Behavioral changes
Types
There are three different categories of ataxia that can develop. 
Cerebellar 
Cerebellar ataxia involves the part of the brain in charge of balance and coordination. This lack of control is often present from birth, but may also be brought on by damage or inflammation to the brain. 
Vestibular 
Vestibular ataxia relates to the function of the inner ear. The nerves surrounding the inner ear send information to the brain to maintain balance. It is thought that endolymphatic fluid (the fluid in the membranes of the inner ear) can become abnormal and irritate receptors causing inflammation. 
Sensory 
Sensory ataxia often involves damaged nerves or compression of the spinal cord. This inhibits the cat's proprioception (spatial awareness of self).
Causes of Ataxia in Cats
A great number of diseases or occurrences can cause ataxia to develop in cats. The causes are generally divided by types of ataxia.
Cerebellar
  • Bleeding of the brain (from stroke or blunt trauma)
  • Genetic defects
  • Exposure to toxins before birth
  • Viral infection (such as feline infectious peritonitis)
  • Parasitic infection (such as toxoplasmosis)
  • Meningitis
  • Insect bites
  • Benign or malignant tumors
  • Decreased blood supply to the brain
  • Hydrocephalus (water on the brain)
  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
  • Hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium)
  • Immune system disorders
  • Glycogen storage disease
  • Central nervous system vasculitis
  • Encephalitis
  • Vitamin E deficiency
Vestibular
  • Bacterial ear infection
  • Fungal ear infection
  • Nasal cavity or soft palate polyps
  • Exposure to toxins
  • Bone cancer near vestibular nerves
  • Congenital disorders
  • Medication
Sensory
  • Spinal trauma
  • Tumor on the spine
  • Diabetes
  • Spinal stroke
  • Bacterial infection
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Exposure to toxins
Diagnosis of Ataxia in Cats
Because so many possible causes of ataxia exist making a proper diagnosis can be difficult, but is necessary to provide appropriate treatment. Provide your veterinarian with your cat's full medical history to assist in the diagnostic process. Answer any questions about medications your cat is on and possible exposure to toxins, and provides a detailed explanation of your cat's diet. If severe trauma exists, the most threatening injuries will be addressed and treated first. The vet will note all symptoms and attempt to match them to the closest fitting disorder.
Full blood work will need to be run, including a complete blood count, which can indicate possible cancer growth. A biochemical profile and urinalysis can reveal how the organs are functioning, if inflammation is present and if mineral levels are abnormal in the body. An otoscopic examination of the middle ear may be performed to look for the presence of polyps, infection or foreign objects. A cerebrospinal tap may also be performed. A CT scan of the middle ear can provide information on the parts which are not visible. X-rays or ultrasounds may be needed to look for brain or spinal tumors or abnormal fluid deposits. Parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses should be tested for.
Treatment of Ataxia in Cats
The appropriate course of treatment will vary depending on the diagnosis and location of the underlying cause of the issue. Many conditions will require a period of hospitalization.
Supportive Care 
Many injuries and infections require supportive care to return stability to the cat. This often involves intravenous fluid administration, feeding tubes and maintaining the general comfort of the cat. 
Antibiotics 
If a bacterial infection has been found or if wounds exist, an antibiotic may be prescribed. These prescriptions may last from one to four weeks.
Surgical Removal 
If tumors or polyps are found to be causing the ataxia, they should be surgically removed if possible. This procedure requires the use of a general anesthetic.
Medication 
Certain conditions such as diabetes and mild cases of hydrocephalus can be alleviated with medication prescriptions. These generally do not cure the condition, but do provide relief and improved quality of life.
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Recovery of Ataxia in Cats
Recovery time and overall prognosis depend on the health condition that has been identified. Some issues are benign and will not affect the cat's length of life, such as cerebral hypoplasia. Other issues are incurable and may lead to death, such as lysosomal storage disease, severe hydrocephalus, feline infecctious peritonitis or glycogen storage disease. If the cat has experienced head trauma, any brain damage may be permanent.
During severe episodes of ataxia, it may be difficult for your cat to get to its litter box or food and water dishes. It is best to move these items close to the cat's bed so that it may access them. Clean your cat's bedding regularly, as it may soil it when it can not make it to the litter box. Dietary changes and supplement administration can alleviate certain conditions such as hypoglycemia or thiamine deficiency. Be sure to provide all recommended postoperative care if your cat has undergone surgery. Some cases of ataxia may spontaneously go away, while others will require life long treatment.
Ataxia Average Cost
From 311 quotes ranging from $200 - $4,000
Average Cost
$1,200
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Ataxia Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Stray cat
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Meow
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One Year
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My cat suddenly started to walk a bit unsteadily. She seems normal but has stopped running and prefers to sit quietly in a corner. I can't understand what's wrong and I can't even take her to a vet. She is a stray cat, almost one year old. Please help.
Sept. 4, 2018
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Tonkinese
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Prince
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5 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Circling
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Falling Over
Nasal Congestion
Proprioceptive Deficits
Warm Ears
I have a 5yo male, neutered Tonkinese cat. He has been getting progessive vestibular-like symptoms over the past 18 months. I rescued him 3 years ago and he also had severe stomatitis at the time leading to needing most of his teeth removed. He has always had a funning gait since I have had him. About 18 months ago he began having severe episodes of uncoordination, circling, and falling. About 9 months ago, he began showing signs of horizontal nystagmus (fast phase to the left I think) periodically. About 3 months ago, he began having very severe nearly seizure-like episodes where he could not stop flipping over, circling, falling over, and was generally not responsive to me. He wears himself out doing this and I am afraid he might be hitting his head when rolling. Sometimes one or both ears will get warm and red. He also sounds congested much of the time. These symptoms all come and go and seem cyclic in nature. He has now had about 4 of these severe episodes but they always resolve within a 24h period. Oh and he also has proprioceptive deficits on the right side. He has been seen by a neurologist, but no official diagnosis as I really can't afford for him to get an MRI or CT. Any thought?
Aug. 25, 2018
0 Recommendations
It is very difficult to say what may be going on here, especially since your Veterinarian and a Neurologist were unable to narrow in on a specific cause; the next step would be advanced imaging (CT or MRI) but I know that they can be cost prohibitive without insurance. There are various different issues which may be causing these symptoms but without the imaging we cannot rule them out. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 26, 2018
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British short hair
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Tiny
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12 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Unable To Walk
I have a 12 year old male cat which was diagnosed with Ataxia this was quite advanced as a result my cat could not walk and had no feeling in his back right leg, he was prescribed steroid tablets called Predicare and anti acid tablets He has two steroid tablets per day one in the morning and one in the evening and one anti acid tablet per day thirty minuets before food. He has since taking the medication for only a few days developed a swollen oesophagus which makes him regurgitate his food almost immediately, I have been told by my vet that this could be a side effect of the medication. I would like to ask what type of Ataxia you think he has, and how long will he be on steroids and what can be done for the swelling of the oesophagus meanwhile the reason for contacting you is because this treatment for my cat has cost me just over five thousand pounds over the past four weeks. Many thanks for time reading this request Mr Albert Ross
Aug. 22, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
0 Recommendations
I'm sorry that is happening to Tiny. I don't have any way of knowing what cause his ataxia without seiegn him, as ataxia is a sign, not an actual disease. It can be caused by a spinal problem, a toxin, a brain injury or tumor, or a muscular problem. Most drugs can be formulated into liquid medications so that they are not so hard on his esophagus and to allow it to heal. For the other questions, it is very reasonable to ask you veterinarian what they think is the reason for his problem and what they think his expected recovery is, as they have seen him and can assess his progress.
Aug. 22, 2018
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I don’t know
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Spaz
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4 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Loss Of Balance
Loss Of Appetite
Drags One Back Paw & One Front
My Cat Just Had A Litter Of Kittens, She Got 3 Out Then Her Uterus Came Out.. So She Had To Have An Emergency C-section. We Brought Her Home About 2 Days Ago & Tonight We Noticed That She’s Lost Controll Of Her Front Right Paw & Her Left Back Paw..
July 28, 2018
0 Recommendations
Without examining Spaz I cannot say specifically what the cause for the issue with the front right and left back legs since they are contralateral sides; keep an eye on her but visit your Veterinarian when they open for an examination to be on the safe side. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 28, 2018
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Mix
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Kitty
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13 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Head Tilt
Wobbly
Keeps Rubbing Her Right Ear
Vision Seems Worse At Night
Ears Look Red
My kitty has been more wobbly lately. She’s deaf and about 13-15 years old (we adopted her) she keeps laying on her right ear, and her vision seems to be off slightly. She was on the floor and I moved my foot towards her slightly and she backed up really fast like she couldn’t tell depth wise how far away it was. She seems to do better focus wise when she’s laying down. Pupils still dialate the way they should. She seems to lose her balance on unsteady surfaces like my bed and doesn’t try jumping up on things anymore. I noticed this after I gave her frontline tick prevention (little drops that go on their neck) could this be Ataxia or a sign of something I should be concerned about? She’s still normal otherwise; very lovey, purrs, cuddles, eats, drinks, potty as normal.
July 10, 2018
0 Recommendations
There may be a variety of different age related conditions going on here which may include impaired vision, vestibular disorders among other conditions; without giving Kitty a thorough examination I cannot say for certain what the cause is. If these symptoms continue it would be wise to check in with your Veterinarian and also run a blood test to check if everything is within physiological range. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 10, 2018
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Ataxia Average Cost
From 311 quotes ranging from $200 - $4,000
Average Cost
$1,200
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