Ataxia in Dogs
Loss of Balance (Unbalanced Gait) in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What is Ataxia?
An unbalanced gait in our pets is most likely secondary to the presence of a lesion. Simply said, ataxia will mean a lesion will be found in areas of the brain, inner ear or spinal cord. The exact cause of the loss of balance will determine the treatment protocol and the likelihood of recovery. Loss of balance can be frightening for your pet, and necessitates calmness and extra care on your part.
Gait problems, characterized by an uncoordinated movement and loss of balance, is known as ataxia in veterinary terms. A sensory dysfunction, ataxia can display many symptoms including tremors and postural abnormalities. If your dog is losing his balance and coordination, a veterinary visit is crucial.
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Symptoms of Ataxia in Dogs
The extent of the loss of balance can vary from pet to pet. If your canine companion is showing signs of gait difficulties, consult your veterinarian without delay. Symptoms that could accompany the unbalanced gait are listed here.
  • Nausea and vomiting due to equilibrium problems
  • Loss of appetite because of the nausea
  • Head tilt which keeps one ear lower than the other
  • Reduction in hearing abilities
  • Changes in mental state
  • Behavioral differences like a lack of bladder control in the house
  • Abnormal eye movement (up and down or side to side)
  • Loss of limb coordination which could include limb crossover, large steps and a wide stance
  • Staggering, falling, swaying, drifting, and circling
  • Tremors
  • Dizziness
Types
Three anatomic regions of the nervous system are involved in unbalanced gait. The types of ataxia associated with the three regions are as follows.
  • Vestibular ataxia
    • This results from a mix up of inner ear messages to the brain regarding balance
    • A loss of balance, unsteadiness, and a strange positioning of the head are characteristic to vestibular disturbances
  • Proprioceptive (sensory) ataxia
    • This form is caused by a compression of the spinal cord
    • Lack of coordination and weakness are signs of the condition
  • Cerebellar ataxia
    • The cerebellum, which is responsible for coordination and movement, is damaged
    • Sudden head movements cause dizziness, and the eyes will move abnormally
    • This condition is sometimes mistaken for a stroke
Causes of Ataxia in Dogs
The cause for the ataxia will be determined by pinpointing the location of the lesion. Some of the causes of unbalanced gait are listed here.
  • Vestibular ataxia
    • Immune-related illnesses
    • Cancer
    • Trauma to the ear
    • Poisoning
    • Fungal infection
    • Idiopathic (unknown)
  • Proprioceptive (sensory) ataxia
    • Cysts
    • Nerve degeneration
    • Blood clot
    • Cancer
    • Infection
    • Trauma
  • Cerebellar ataxia
    • Cell degeneration
    • Hereditary factors
    • Congenital (present at birth)
    • Brain tumor
    • Infection
Diagnosis of Ataxia in Dogs
The protocol for diagnosing ataxia can be extensive. When you bring your beloved canine companion to the veterinarian, be prepared to list every symptom or behavioral change you have observed. Because the loss of balance, dizziness, and related symptoms can cause your dog to become frightened, do your best to exhibit a sense of calm during the examination. This demeanor could carry over to your pet, allowing him to relax while being examined.
Your veterinary team will assess your dog’s gait, providing assistance to him if needed when walking or standing. The gait of your dog can tell the experienced eye of your veterinarian much about what is happening in relation to the health of your pet. The analysis will involve watching your pet walk, and possibly observing him attempting stairs, all the while keeping the safety of your dog paramount.
The physical examination will also include neurological, reflex, and limb sensitivity tests. Imaging tests may be done to reach a definitive conclusion.
  • Radiographs, plain and contrast
  • Myelography (dye and x-ray to assess the spinal cord)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (this is the best way to assess ataxia and view the brain)
  • Computed tomography scan
Muscle and nerve biopsies, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis can be done if the uncertainty of the cause is still present. Urine and blood analysis might be considered to rule out infection or disease.
Treatment of Ataxia in Dogs
The treatment plan for ataxia can take many different directions, which will be contingent on the location of lesions present, the severity of the loss of balance, the age of your pet, and the underlying disease factor, if this is the case.
Often, eliminating the underlying cause (through surgery for a tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation for cancer, or medication for an infection for example) will relieve the unbalanced gait and coordination issues. In some cases, though, effects will remain. For instance, your pet could live with a permanent degree of head tilt, or the remnants of a gait abnormality. There are dogs who have a good quality of life, even though they have balance problems.
Hereditary and congenital imbalance conditions have no cure.
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Recovery of Ataxia in Dogs
To begin, we must face the reality that some pets who are left with very severe effects from unbalanced gait, or have an ataxia condition that progresses to a state of incapacitation, will be euthanized because they are unable to cope or continue.
Supportive care is the key to a happy, comfortable life for a dog with less severe, yet nonetheless permanent, effects from ataxia. You must maintain a safe environment for your much-loved canine family member. Monitoring your pet at all times when you are home, and keeping his living space free from potential injury (such as blocking access to stairs) will be a necessity. When you leave your dog, alone in the house, confinement to a crate or a safe area will be in his best interest.
A dog with a loss of balance will need a day to day assistance with his needs. Feeding time can be an effort if he has tremors and finds it difficult to eat. Taking him for walks will take longer, and he will require assistance for balance. Medication requirements for nausea and dizziness may become the norm. Even with these changes and others, your dog can continue to be a great family pet with your help, and the advice of your veterinarian.
The symptoms of ataxia can be expensive to treat. To avoid high vet care expenses, secure pet health insurance today. The sooner you insure your pet, the more protection you’ll have from unexpected vet costs.
Ataxia Average Cost
From 367 quotes ranging from $100 - $3,000
Average Cost
$1,200
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Ataxia Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Pug
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Gigi
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11 Years
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My dog's leg is buckling out from under her and then folding up and going stiff. We have been to our vet as recently as yesterday. Her X-rays show very bad arthritis in her back. We were treating with hydra therapy and acupuncture before her leg started to collapse under her weight. She is now on a muscle relaxant and pain killer, and Rimadyl 25mg and Methocarbamol 500mg. She is on a week of bed rest in a pen. I carry her outside for potty breaks. IS there anything else we can be doing? She is otherwise very healthy.
May 30, 2018
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At this stage it is really a case of waiting it out to see if there is any improvement with rest, rest is best many times. Without examining Gigi and looking at x-ray I cannot really weigh in with any other alternatives; you should continue with the hydrotherapy and acupuncture and monitor for improvement. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
May 31, 2018
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Malchi
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Lily
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Nine Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Balance
My dog Lily is around 9 years old. She has always been a pretty energetic dog but she has also always had minor weakness in her hind legs which was never too much of an issue. However, for the past week or so she appears to be dragging her legs. I can't really tell if she is dragging her front or her back legs because it's only a slight drag, but she still walks and runs cautiously. She also seems to be a bit confused because she has been digging excessively to the point where she pants quite a bit. Additionally, she appears to have a slight lack of coordination and balance/ when she sits she slides into a laying down position. I have taken her to the vet twice but each time she goes it is like she's perfectly fine- she doesn't show her symptoms! Yet, when she's home she still displays them. She has no loss of appetite and eats very well. She also still goes for daily walks which she enjoys and she responds to stimuli pretty normally, besides bumping into stuff at times (maybe this is because she is relying on her surroundings to support her and kee her up?) She breathes a bit heavily at time or more rather she will make a low grunting noise when she's resting. I just am confused about the few symptoms she has and what I should investigate into seeing if she needs anything.
May 24, 2018
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It is difficult to say what may be causing these symptoms especially if your Veterinarian hasn’t found anything on two physical examinations; you should try to record the episodes or symptoms that present whilst you’re at home as conditions like this may be difficult to diagnose if a proper examination cannot be made. You should bear in mind that there may be something in the home which is causing these symptoms like a gas fire or something else so when she leaves the house into fresh air she is fine (just a thought as I saw something similar as a student). Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
May 25, 2018
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Golden Retriever
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Peyton
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15 Months
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Ataxia & Sudden Death
My 15 mo old Golden died suddenly this am. He had an episodic abnormal gait (like with ataxia) for approx 6 mo. Episodes were 1-5 times a week, always lasted 30sec - 2 mins (at most) & was always preceded by him becoming very excited & active. He has been to Vet every 3-4 weeks to check on this. Was discovered to have a old fracture in his hip bone 3 mo ago after changing our vet. (We had been told by previous vet on multiple occasions this was an anal gland problem). He was seen 5 days ago. Started on Prednisone 20 mg bid 4 days ago with a tapering dose to be given over a month & Neurontin 300 mg bid. *was also given his first dose of Trifexis at that visit along with his yearly booster shots. Last night I noticed him panting a little more than normal, then this morning he was panting even more & just acting like he wasn’t feeling well. Moving around a lot & laying down hard on his back legs (would get down on his front legs & flop his hind legs down). That along with the panting made me think he was in pain. I gave him his dose of both above meds & just loved on him to try to ease what I thought was pain. Within an hour of his am meds he started pacing. I took him out in the front yard & he immediately pooped (very close to the front door which is so unlike him) walked a few steps & urinated. He turned to start back toward me to come back in & immediately became extremely wobbly & fell on his side & rolled on his back before landing on his side. He had a horrible posture bending his head back & stiffening up for maybe 30 sec -1 min and let out the most horrific cries I’ve ever heard (literally he could be heard upstairs in the back of our home) then he went limp, had some agonal breathing & was gone in less than 2 mins. I am a RN & we raise cattle so I’ve successfully resuscitated a couple (out of maybe 15 attempts) of newborn calves over the years, so tried some rescue breathing & he did havegoid chest inflation with that. No heartbeat confirmed with a stethoscope & tried chest compressions... just literally everything I could think of but he was gone. My dad had our vet on the phone almost immediately when this started & he pleaded with us to bring his body to his office just in case but I rode in the backseat crying & laying gently over his beautiful body and there was no signs of life at all. He seems to think that he had an aneurysm or stroke & offered to pay for a necropsy to check for a bleed bc he was upset too as he was there so often & the sweetest dog ever! We drove his body 3 hours to The University of Georgia for the procedure & leaving him was so hard, but they were so understanding & patient with us. After doing lots of online research on his meds I just can’t help but think the prednisone had something to do with this. As everywhere I look I see the exact same signs of these 4 serious side effects of prednisone: excessive hunger, excessive thirst, frequent urination, & PANTING. All 4 of which Peyton had I just thought the meds were making him hungry/thirsty & he’s always panted when he was in pain & I gave him the scheduled meds an hour before he died!! I feel so incredibly guilty, like if I had not gave him that last dose maybe he would have been ok. I would have definitely taken him to the Vet had he been acting like he was & I didn’t have “meds to ease his pain”. I’m just broken!!! I can’t sleep. We weren’t warned of any side effects to look for. We love our Vet, but I just can’t get this medicine issue out of my head. I would so much appreciate an unbiased opinion.
April 25, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
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I'm so sorry that that has happened to you, and to Peyton, that is terribly sad. Steroids do have the side effects that you describe, at higher dosages, but to my knowledge, have never had death related to them. Steroids are an incredibly commonly used medication, for a variety of conditions. There must have been something else going on, as the medications would not have caused this, in my opinion. Hopefully you are able to get some answers from the necropsy. Again, I am so sorry.
April 25, 2018
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Beagle
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Winslow
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10 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Uncoordination
Loss Of Balance
My 10-year-old foster dog was finally given a diagnosis of Ataxia. Based upon the notes I've been keeping and in talking with the vet, he appears to display symptoms of both Vestibular and Propriaceptive ataxia. His cranial functions are normal, no cloudiness in his eyes. His symptoms include: 1. Once a week he get nauseous, sometimes vomits, and loses his appetite for at least 12 hours. 2. Leg tremors 3. He staggers, falls, sways, drifts to and fro, and circles around 4. When raising his head to look up, he gets a bit dizzy. Right now he's on Gabapentin for pain. My question is really are there any homeopathic options, vitamins, etc. that I can look into to ease his symptoms.
April 13, 2018

Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
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From your description, I am not aware of any supplements that may help him. Some dogs with vestibular problems are helped by Dramamine, but that would be something to discuss with your veterinarian to make sure that it would be appropriate for him. If you are able, it may be a good idea to have him seen by a neurologist to try and further define his problem, and see if there are any other treatments available for him. I hope that he continues to do well.
April 13, 2018
My husky started do same as above comment mentioned he had done this once before but had gotten into something he was not supposed to I was after taking for walk and came home, kids arrived home shortly after walked them again and not to soon after he was showing same symptoms as I mentioned earlier in the post. This time he was a lot worse then the other time, is it possible he may a ear infection.
April 24, 2018
John L.
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Ataxia Average Cost
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Average Cost
$1,200
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