Eye Injuries in Dogs

Eye injuries are common in dogs and greatly vary in severity. Take your dog to the veterinarian immediately upon noticing symptoms, as eye injuries can lead to permanent scarring or blindness. Even if there is a foreign object you can see, do not attempt to treat an eye injury at home without a professional veterinarian.

Injuries to the eye can lead to permanent scarring or blindness if penetrating or ulcerative lesions develop. Eye injuries include foreign bodies, scratches, perforating injuries, chemical, or contact corneal trauma. If your dog's eye is closed, she is squinting to protect it, or the eyelid is not functioning correctly, it's a for sure sign of a serious medical emergency.

There are many causes for eye injuries in dogs, but the most common include:

• Altercations with other animals, fighting or playing (commonly cats)
• Vegetation, i.e. running in the woods or digging in brush
• Dangerous projectiles such as fireworks
• Riding in a car with head out the window

Types

A simple eye injury is a penetrating or perforating injury to either the cornea (transparent outer layer at the front of the eye) or the sclera (white of the eye). In the case of a penetrating injury, the wound or foreign object pierces the cornea or sclera, while in a perforating injury, the wound or object passes through the cornea or sclera.

A complicated eye injury is more serious and involves a perforating injury to the cornea or sclera along with other structures of the dog’s eye. This may include the iris, retina, lens, or eyelid.

Simple wounds will be treated with an Elizabethan collar to prevent your dog from scratching, along with prescription antibiotic or atropine eye drops. Antibiotic eye drops treat bacterial infections, while atropine eye drops dilate your dog’s pupil and help relieve pain. In some cases, your veterinarian will prescribe a soft contact lens to protect the wound.

More severe, complicated wounds may require surgical exploration to fully diagnose, and will require surgery in order to repair your dog’s eye and restore functioning. Your veterinarian will prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection, as well as anti-inflammatory medications to relieve swelling and aid healing, and analgesics to help with your dog’s pain. Exact medications and dosages will depend upon the severity of your dog’s injury and the necessary surgery.

You must monitor your dog’s injury frequently in order to track recovery. For simple wounds, monitor every day for the first few days and make note of any differences. Consult your veterinarian with any negative changes, or if they wound does not appear to be healing. For a dog recovering from corrective surgery, closely follow all of your veterinarian’s care instructions and monitor progress.

The deeper the injury is within the eye, the higher the chance for partial or total loss of vision. If your dog suffers partial or total vision loss, you must both learn to adapt to this handicap with activity and environmental changes.

However, in most cases, your dog will recover fully from the eye injury. Time for recovery depends upon the type and severity of the injury. Be sure to keep your dog away from potential causes of eye injury or irritation.