Eyelashes normally grow from follicles in the eyelid; eyelash disorders are a group of hereditary problems in eyelash growth. Specific eyelash disorders are more commonly found in some breeds; see below for details. Eyelash disorders are typically found in young dogs, but can be seen later in life as well.

Eyelash disorders found in dogs include trichiasis, or in-grown eyelashes; distichiasis, or eyelash growing from an abnormal part of the eyelid; and ectopic cilia, or hair(s) that grow through the inside of the eyelid.

Eyelash disorders result from hair follicles developing in abnormal locations, often growing towards the eye rather than away from the eye. While the problem is hereditary, there is no known cause. Having one or more parents with an eyelash disorder significantly increases a dog’s chances of developing one. This should be kept in mind when breeding.

Diagnosis of eyelash disorders is made through physical examination, as lashes growing from abnormal locations on the eye can be observed visually. If a dog’s eye is incredibly irritated, sedatives or topical anesthetics may be required in ord!er to allow the necessary examination of the area. Further, fluorescein staining of the cornea is often used in order to assess the extent of corneal injuries, if present, and to rule out any other cause of eye irritation from a possible alternative condition. A Schirmer tear test will be administered in order to measure tear production and determine if tear production is sufficient to lubricate the eye.

Treatment of eye disorders depends on the type and the severity.

In mild cases of distichiasis with short, soft eyelashes, dogs may not require any treatment. In cases of distichiasis where dogs are showing some discomfort and clinical symptoms, lubricants may be used on the cornea and lashes in order to ensure comfort and prevent injury; in other cases, the lashes in question may be removed manually, which is a quick and relatively painless procedure. However, manual removal (plucking) does not rid the dog of the lashes forever, and they will need to be removed again when they grow back in a month of so. Surgery may be required in order to remove the abnormal follicles and ensure the lashes do not grow back.

In cases of trichiasis, the abnormal lashes may be cut in order to prevent irritation; or, in more severe cases, surgical removal of the lashes may be required. For ectopic cilia, surgery is almost always the treatment of choice. In some cases, surgery can be performed by an appropriately skilled veterinarian; however, in some complicated situations, you will be referred to an ophthalmologist in order to ensure the best care. Surgery may involve removing the affection part of the eyelid completely, using eletrocautery, cryosurgery, or electroepilation to destroy follicles, or surgically remove the tissues in the affected area. Any surgery will require general anesthesia.

Follow closely the veterinarian’s instructions for recovery, which may include applying lubrication, eyedrops, eyewash, or washing with clean water. If your dog has undergone surgery, carefully monitor recovery. No matter the treatment of distichiasis, it is common for the eyelashes to grow back, so closely monitor your dog’s eyes for signs of regrowth.