Immune System Tumors in Dogs

Lymphoma mostly affects middle-aged to senior dogs although some cases have been reported in young puppies, especially Golden Retrievers. Development of lymphoma in young dogs calls into question breeding practices and what can be done to avoid such a heartache. Breeds seemingly most affected by lymphoma are Boxers, Basset Hounds, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and Golden and Labrador Retrievers.

An immune system tumor in a dog, also called lymphoma, is a common cancer. The lymph nodes and organs such as the spleen or liver are often affected.

We still do not understand why some dogs get cancer. When you see dogs develop cancer at a very young age (seen as young as eighteen months!) It is hard to argue against a genetic factor. Giant breed dogs are more prone to bone cancer. Their rapid bone growth in the first two years of life is thought to be a cause of high bone cancer rates in giant breed dogs. Vaccination site cancer happens when the dog is vaccinated year after year in the same spot. To avoid this ensure that your veterinarian changes the location of vaccinations. Consider asking for titer tests to definitively tell if your dog’s vaccinations are in need of renewal. It is speculated that dogs are developing cancer more now because with improved care we’ve eliminated other causes of death. Environmental toxins especially the increased use of lawn pesticides is sometimes thought to be a factor.

Your veterinarian will likely diagnose your dog with a combination of biopsies by fine needle aspiration, serum biochemistry, complete blood count, collection of tissues for cytology, and urinalysis.  A general checkup may reveal signs of illness such as anemia or jaundice. The exact procedure and diagnostic process will depend on the location of the tumor.

When your dog is undergoing chemotherapy or after surgery or if you decline treatment your dog's appetite will likely decrease. Providing your dog with a fresh home cooked or a raw diet can help encourage him to eat and also bolster his immune system. If you continue to feed kibble adding a topper can help. All grains should be avoided.