Long-Term Stomach Inflammation in Dogs

Intermittent or persistent vomiting that lasts 7 days or more is considered chronic. Although signs may appear as mild to start, long-term inflammation can lead to pain and damage to the stomach lining.

• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Black stool (melena)
• Bile, which could be mixed with fresh blood, food, and froth, and may have the appearance of coffee grounds
• Abdominal pain
• Weakness
• Lethargy
• Dehydration

Types

Gastritis can be classified as below.

Lymphocytic/plasmacytic gastritis

• Infiltration of the tissues and mucosa with lymphocytes (white blood cells) and plasma cells (white blood cells with antibodies)

Eosinophilic gastritis

• Infiltration of tissues and mucosa with white blood cells containing granules

Chronic atrophic gastritis

• Characterized by cell infiltration along with a thickening of the mucosa and an atrophy of gastric glands, with a replacement of cells with intestinal fibers and tissues

Chronic hypertrophic gastropathy

• Abnormal thickening of the mucosal layer of the stomach

Though the reason for the chronic vomiting cannot always be identified, there are many conditions that can attribute to it.

• Neoplasia
• Repeated exposure to dietary allergens
• Effects of medication on gastric mucosa (for example NSAIDs)
• Helicobacter organism infection
• Ingestion of foreign objects
• Fungal infection related to ingestion of swampy water (pythiosis)
• Fungal infection caused by ingestion of some bird droppings (histoplasmosis)
• Tumors
• Liver or kidney disease
• Immune-mediated disease
• Viral or bacterial infection
• Parasitism
• Breed disposition (older, male small breed dogs such as Shih Tzu, Maltese, Miniature Poodle and Lhasa Apso are predisposed to chronic atrophic gastritis, while the Basenji breed is known to be susceptible to gastroenteropathy)

When you bring your furry family member to the veterinary clinic, be prepared for the possibility of extensive testing; the reason for long-term stomach inflammation can sometimes be difficult to pinpoint. The more information you can provide, the easier it will be for the veterinary team to determine the best approach for diagnosis. Relay information such as the type of food you feed your pet, and whether he roams freely and has access to substances that may be harmful if ingested. Disclose medications he may have been on recently. Describe his recent behavior, detailing your concerns.

The visit will begin with a physical examination of your pet, and will also include standard tests such as urinalysis and fecal sample evaluation to look for parasitic or bacterial evidence. Blood tests, in the form of a complete blood count and serum biochemical profile will show any markers that may stand out, like the white blood cell count, which will indicate infection. A radiograph of the digestive system will most likely be in the diagnostic line up.

Other tests that are valuable tools in the process of determining the cause of the vomiting are ACTH-stimulation test (to rule out hypoadrenocorticism), and abdominal ultrasound (to verify if there is a tumor or foreign object causing the inflammation and vomiting). If necessary, histological evaluation will be done after an endoscopy. A biopsy of the stomach and small intestine could be needed if a diagnosis has not yet been reached.

The protocol for the treatment of your beloved pet will be determined by the underlying cause, and also by whether or not the diagnosis was definitively concluded. When the diagnosis has not been conclusive to date, some veterinarians will begin the treatment of the long-term stomach inflammation by giving a deworming treatment to start. In some cases, the presence of a parasitic worm may not have been identified, but that does not rule out the possibility.

Other potential treatments could be immunosuppressive medication to control the inflammation, or putting your pet on a hypoallergenic diet in order to ascertain if a food allergy is the culprit for the vomiting. In the instance of a diagnosed case of hypertrophic gastropathy, for example, surgery may be required to remove damaged tissue. If your dog has been infected by the helicobacter spiral bacteria, a prescription for antibiotics will be administered. It is interesting to note that in order to eliminate this bacteria, a combination of a few different antibiotics must be given because the helicobacter organism can easily develop a resistance to just one.

If your dog is quite ill and dehydrated upon arrival at the clinic, he will be treated for the dehydration and possible electrolyte imbalances first, before the commencement of the inflammation regimen. If the vomiting is persistent, your veterinarian will want to give your dog medication to control that first, in order to eliminate the nausea. Gastroprotectants will be given as well.

If your pet was hospitalized for dehydration, treatment will begin as soon as he is well enough to tolerate the medication prescribed, go through surgery, or resume eating to test a dietary change, whatever the case may be.

At home, be certain to adhere to the guidelines of your veterinarian in regards to medication administration. Never stop the medication early, even if your pet seems to feel better. If he is not tolerating the drugs, let the veterinary team know so an alternative drug can be prescribed. If you are trying a dietary change, pay strict attention to the rules, meaning no treats, table scraps or variations from the diet permitted. A dog returning home after surgery must be given a quiet place to rest.

No matter what the diagnosis, long-term stomach inflammation will require time for healing and follow-up visits at the clinic so the veterinarian can determine if the chosen therapy is working.