Oxygen Therapy in Dogs
Oxygen Therapy in Dogs - Conditions Treated, Procedure, Efficacy, Recovery, Cost, Considerations, Prevention
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What is Oxygen Therapy?
Oxygen therapy is the act of supplementing the air the dog breathes with extra oxygen. This is needed in many situations when the dog has breathing difficulties and struggles to absorb oxygen or transporting that oxygen around the body. Increasing the amount of oxygen the dog breathes in helps counteract the decreased availability of oxygen to the body tissue due to sickness or injury. 
Oxygen is vital to life and, depending on the severity of oxygen depletion, the patient may suffer cell death, organ failure, or death. Giving a patient struggling for breath an oxygen supplement can make the difference between life and death. In the critically ill, it is a vital life-saving therapy used to stabilize the dog and make them strong enough to undergo diagnostic tests. 
Oxygen Therapy Procedure in Dogs
Although there are several different ways of providing oxygen therapy, they all have one thing in common, which is that it's crucial not to stress the patient. A dog that is fighting for breath could be pushed into a crisis if he struggles during administration of oxygen. With this in mind, the clinician may choose one delivery form over another in order to minimize stress. At all times, the aim is to use the least level of restraint possible. 
Options for delivery include: 
  • Flow by oxygen: This is simply allowing oxygen to flow from the delivery pipe into the airspace close to the dog's nose. This may be all that's possible in an extremely stressed patient. 
  • Nasal catheter: A fine tube is passed into the dog's nose and oxygen delivered directly into the respiratory system
  • Oxygen mask: This means holding a close fitting mask over the dog's face or muzzle. 
  • Oxygen chamber: The clinician may improvise a delivery chamber by fitting the dog with a cone with the wide open diameter sealed over with cling film. A tube feeds into the base of the cone, for higher oxygen concentration within the 'chamber'. 
  • Oxygen tent: This is a sealed chamber in which the whole dog rests and breathes in an oxygen-rich atmosphere
Efficacy of Oxygen Therapy in Dogs
Oxygen therapy can be life-saving and is an essential treatment in many circumstances. However, the very nature of the conditions for which therapy is given mean the patients are high risk and, therefore, some fatalities are inevitable. 
Oxygen therapy is a short term treatment, given in order to stabilize the patient so that a workup can be done without causing a crisis. This workup may include taking radiographs or drawing fluid off the chest so that the lungs can expand and breathing can improve. 
Oxygen therapy is effective at what it does, delivering oxygen, with some means of delivery being more potent than others. But as mentioned earlier, there is a degree of judgement required to balance the efficacy of the route of delivering oxygen against the risk of stressing the patient. 
Oxygen Therapy Recovery in Dogs
Oxygen therapy in itself is not likely to be curative, but a tool used to stabilize patients. Ultimately, their recovery will depend on identifying and treating the underlying cause of their respiratory distress. 
The majority of patients who received oxygen therapy do so only for a matter of hours, by which time medications have started to work or the pressure on the lungs has been relieved by other means such as draining fluid off the chest. 
It is not generally considered practical or ethical for a pet to receive oxygen therapy at home. Should this be necessary, the dog is unlikely to have a reasonable quality of life and serious welfare issues raised. While portable units for home use are available, this should only be undertaken after close discussion with the treating vet to ensure it is fair to the dog. 
Cost of Oxygen Therapy in Dogs
The cost of oxygen therapy varies depending on the method of delivery and how long the patient requires supplementation. Oxygen is often charged by the half hour, with an average fee being around $80 - $125 per unit of time. Extra fees may be incurred depending on the sophistication of the equipment, with an oxygen tent being classed as part of intensive care nursing which may be charge by the hour ($200) or by the time period (overnight care $600 - $900).
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Dog Oxygen Therapy Considerations
Oxygen therapy is a short-term treatment used to stabilize patients with severe breathing difficulties. Unless the underlying issue is addressed, the dog is likely to relapse once the supplemental oxygen is removed. 
On the plus side, careful administration of oxygen can help deliver vital oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues and protect them from damage. Oxygen therapy is widely available at most vet surgeries since the oxygen cylinder attached to an anesthetic machine can be used to deliver emergency oxygen as necessary. 
Oxygen Therapy Prevention in Dogs
Prevention involves avoiding trauma and ensuring your pet is up to date with routine healthcare and has regular checkups to monitor for ill health such as heart or respiratory disease. When a problem is detected early, it is often possible to treat and stabilize the patient, and prevent them going into respiratory distress. 
Also, keeping your dog on the leash near roads helps decrease the risk of a traffic accident. 
Be aware that flat-faced dogs such as pugs, pekes, and bulldogs struggle to breathe at the best of times and, in hot weather, are especially prone to collapse from heat exhaustion. Part of the treatment for heat stress is supplemental oxygen. You can avoid the need for this by keeping your dog in the shade, offering water at regular intervals, and exercise gently during the cooler parts of the day. 
Oxygen Therapy Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Shih Tzu
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Fourteen Months
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Noisy Breathing
I want o have a 2nd opinion regarsing my dog. At d same tym home remeddy. My dog is havibg a hard time breathjng during his sleep. And excessive panting during car ride. What to do?
Sept. 24, 2020
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
0 Recommendations
Thank you for your question. I apologize for the delay, this venue is not set up for urgent emails. With out being able to see or examine your dog, unfortunately, it is difficult to say why he may have heavy breathing. It would be best to have your pet seen by a veterinarian, as they can examine them, see what might be going on, and get any testing or treatment taken care of that might be needed.
Oct. 25, 2020
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Bichon Frise
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Thirteen Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Short Of Breath
Could you elaborate on the statement in this article, "It is not generally considered practical or ethical for a pet to receive oxygen therapy at home."?
July 28, 2020
Answered by Dr. Sara O. DVM
0 Recommendations
Hello, Dogs who need to have oxygen all the time are best kept at a veterinary clinic. The oxygen cages that pets stay in can cost thousands of dollars. Many people do not want to buy these cages to keep their dogs in at home. Dogs cannot wheel around an oxygen tank and usually will not tolerate oxygen tubes going into their nose as people do.
July 28, 2020
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Black Lab / Rottweiler
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Jake
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11 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Had Fluid On The Lung
The Emergency Vet found that my 11 year old, 88 lb Black Lab/Rot mix has fluid in the lungs. He was given Cipofloxzin 500mg (2 tblts / 12 hrs) and Furosemide 50mg (3 tblts/8hrs). I read that oxygen is good for dogs lungs, my question is, how long should he be given the oxygen at a setting, how often in a day, and not to exceed how many days.
April 2, 2018
0 Recommendations
Oxygen therapy is indicated if patient isn’t getting enough oxygen into their bloodstream which is determined by oxygen saturation levels and respiratory effort. There is no set amount of time required for oxygen therapy, sometimes it is just needed to stabilise a patient whilst other patients require long term therapy; it is really a case by case basis. I am sure if your Veterinarian thought oxygen therapy would be indicated they would have suggested it. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
April 3, 2018
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Pitbullterrier
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Kelsie
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9 Years
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4 found this helpful

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My pet has the following symptoms:
Heart Attack
For my own curiosity, Our 9 yr old pet dog was being treated for lung tumors. Two days later she started having difficulty breathing, she could breath sitting or standing but trouble while lying down. We took her to the emergency clinic at 5:00pm. They put her on oxygen because her reading was 85. They recommended that she be left overnight and they would regulate her medication and give her back to us in the morning. She colasped while going potty on oxygen at 10:30pm . They said she had a heart attack. The oncologist said she was a good candidate because she was in good condition except tumors in the lungs. The question: Can to much oxygen cause a dog to have a heart attack From the research I have done so far my conclusion is that it can and other issues with other organs am I correct?
Jan. 21, 2018
4 Recommendations
There is some debate about whether there can be too much oxygen given to a patient, a few studies have suggested that oxygen therapy needs to be managed like fluid therapy meaning that the amount given should be calculated for the best therapeutic effect. Unfortunately I cannot say whether or not Kelsie was given too much oxygen since I hadn’t examined her, but a blood saturation of 85% would have required oxygen therapy especially if there were breathing difficulties. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Jan. 22, 2018
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Chihuahua
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Bart
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11 Years
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36 found this helpful

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My pet has the following symptoms:
Trouble Breathing, Heart Murmur
I feel that there was a lack of understanding about the condition of my dog and an incompetent/negligent doctor. My little guy was an 11 year old, 6.5 pound Chihuahua. In the prior 4 months he had to be put on .625mg Vetmedin and 1.25mg Enalapril every 12 hours for a heart murmur. In the afternoon he started to have trouble breathing. When it persisted, I rushed him the a vet(not my normal vet as they were closed) where we arrived at 1:45 pm. He was obviously running high on adrenaline, eyes wide open, as he was struggling to breathe. They took him back immediately and started oxygen therapy in a clear plastic box. Once the doctor checked him out and came in to discuss the cost for treatment ($800), he asked me if there was any history of him having trouble breathing? I asked the doctor if he read the questionnaire I filled out as I detailed that and that he is on heart murmur medication and he has had some problem couching here and there they think is related. But nothing major until today. He said he did not read it and that is what he would have diagnosed(heart murmur/congestive heart failure). He said he needed an xray of his lungs,CBC, and blood chemistry tests and to give him .15ml of Midazolam to calm him down and .3ml of Furosemide to drain his lungs. The doctor told me I could come back in 3 hours at 4:45 to pick him up and take him home and everything should be fine. The receptionist called me an hour later and said that the doctor felt he probably needed to be monitored overnight. But they close at 5 and the overnight vet opens at 5:30 so I had to pick him up and bring him to the other vet and he would be without care for 30 minutes or so. They said the doctor that was working on him now will be the doctor at the overnight vet too. I asked them what the test results were and why the change to have him monitored overnight. I asked was there something wrong. They said nothing major, they just felt he should be monitored overnight to be safe and the doctor will call me in a 2.5 to 3 hours to update me on the test results, but nothing to worry about. So I picked him up and he seemed a little more alert when he first saw me and struggling to breathe a little less as his eyes were not wide open like when I dropped him off. But within a few minutes he was really fatigued looking, less alert looking and he was still struggling to breathe, but not with the same vigor as as few hours ago trying to breathe almost like he was too drugged up. I feel that this is primarily because they gave him Midazolam and they should not have. There was no reason to "relax" him with basically Valium. I feel when he was in the oxygen chamber, that helped relax him and breathe and thus his adrenaline was not running so high. Combine that with the Madazolam and he was too mellowed out. Then when you take him out of the oxygen, his adrenaline was not running high and he probably needed that to fight to get the amount of air he needed. It seemed he was too groggy to fight for air. Within 3-5 minutes he died in my arms. I was able to give him mouth to mouth to revive him until we got to the overnight ER, but there was no doctor there and the receptionist that I gave him to said there was nothing she could do and he did not make it. I finally found out a few hours later that his test results were of a Bronchial/alveolar pattern, VHS=12.5 R side of chest was completely congested with fluid/edema. Cardio- cardiac murmur, systolic. Oral cavity - MM -pink to greyish pink. , heavy calculus, bloody sputum. Respiratory - Tachypena, crackles, dyspnea. The doctor thought it was not a big deal and he was going to be fine. Would any competent doctor discharge a small dog in this condition with no medical supervision for a minimum of 30 minutes? Why would the doctor that was going to the other location not take him and make sure he would be fine or at least express the severity of the situation to me? Why did they not have someone ready to receive a critical dog? Do you agree that the Midazolam was probably the reason he was so groggy and not able to catch his breath with deep breaths and a contributor to his passing? I really feel that the lack of oxygen (since he was too drugged up to fight for breath) is why he basically passed out and died in my arms slowly from the time they took him out of the oxygen tank. Also, as I held him in my arms he was spitting out what seemed to be blood as he coughed before he passed. I appreciate your feedback on how his care was handled. I think the doctor was incompetent to negligent.
Dec. 16, 2017

36 Recommendations
Whilst I understand that this is a traumatic time for you, I do not want to start making assumptions or comments about Bart’s care given the circumstances and feel that if you believe that Bart’s condition and care wasn’t appropriately managed by the attending Veterinarian you should bring it up with the veterinary licensing board in your state. From your description, I wouldn’t have moved Bart but I wasn’t there and not aware of the full details regarding what occurred. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/Veterinary-State-Board-Web-sites.aspx
Dec. 16, 2017
After reading several comments Dr. Turner, I can't help noticing that you frequently use the phrases; " I wasn't there or I did not examined etc. In this case your advice is bringing it up with the veterinary licensing board. I assume however, that owners who lost their dog might find comfort if you took the time to explain the seriousness of the situation rather than providing an excuse and a pseudo legal advice based or nothing more than speculation. Owners who lost their dog need some kind of comfort and peace of mind. Dog owners like me with a dog still alive but in similar condition, are trying to understand more about the risks and costs involved in order to be better prepared when they have to make an important decision talking to the vet. Victor, Villa Rica, GA
March 23, 2018
Victor
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