Chemotherapy in Cats
Chemotherapy for Cats - Conditions Treated, Procedure, Efficacy, Recovery, Cost, Considerations, Prevention
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What is Chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy is the term used for a group of drugs designed to kill cancerous cells in the feline body. Chemotherapy can be administered in one of five ways; intramuscular (in the muscle), intralesional (injected directly into the tumor), subcutaneous (under the skin), intravenous (in the vein), or oral (by mouth).  Chemotherapy is administered by a veterinary oncologist only. The veterinary oncologist has a variety of chemotherapy drugs available to them to treat cancer and will use these drugs in combination to treat a feline’s cancer type. Common drugs used in chemotherapy include; L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Prednisone, Asparaginase, Cytoxan, Chlorambucil and Methotrexate. The duration a treatment lasts depends on the type of cancer the feline is diagnosed with. Chemotherapy can be given every week, but the oncologist may only require treatment every three to four weeks.
Chemotherapy Procedure in Cats
Chemotherapy is administered in a number of ways. Intravenous chemotherapy administration will be discussed here. Prior to the date of chemotherapy infusion, the oncologist will have already discussed the drug combination he or she plans on administering to the cat. On the day of chemotherapy administration, the veterinarian oncology staff will check your feline in and take vital signs. The feline’s weight, respiratory rate, temperature, pulse and blood pressure will all be taken prior to chemotherapy infusion. The feline will then be taken into the preparation area where she will be readied for therapy. 
  1. An IV (intravenous) catheter will be placed. The placement of this catheter depends on the veterinarian’s personal judgment and the health of the feline.
  2. To place a catheter, the feline’s hair may be shaved to view the vein. The area will be cleansed with alcohol prior to catheter insertion. 
  3. The catheter has a needle inside the catheter casing and once the correct placement is made, the needle will be removed, leaving the catheter in place. 
  4. The catheter will be capped off to prevent blood from leaving the vein. The technician will tape the catheter in place to ensure it will not move out of the vein during feline transport. 
  5. The technician will take a sample of the cat’s blood during the IV placement to perform a complete blood cell count. A CBC simply evaluates the number of white and red blood cells the feline has at the current time. The results will be evaluated before chemotherapy drug values will be calculated. 
  6. A pre-chemotherapy medication will likely be administered to the feline at to prevent nausea and a possible allergic reaction. Nausea and an allergic response are common responses to chemotherapy. 
  7. The veterinarian technician may begin administering fluids through the IV catheter before infusing the drugs, as fluids help the drugs work more efficiently. 
  8. The feline’s vital signs will be taken again. 
  9. The infusion process will begin. Chemotherapy infusion can take several hours to complete. 
  10. After the infusion process is complete, the technician will remove the IV and ensure the feline is stable by once again recording her vital signs. 
  11. Before being released, the veterinary oncologist will review possible side effects (nausea, tiredness, etc.) and a schedule for the next chemotherapy session. 
Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Cats
The efficacy of chemotherapy in cats depends on the type of cancer, the stage of cancer, and how the feline’s body reacts to the cancer drugs. Felines that have stage 1 or stage 2 cancer types have a positive prognosis for a full recovery, whereas stage 3 or 4 type cancers have a poor prognosis. 
Chemotherapy Recovery in Cats
Immediately following chemotherapy infusion, your cat will need to drink plenty of fluids and follow prescribed tablet drugs as directed by the veterinary oncologist. Nausea drugs and prednisone are common take-home drugs given to almost all chemotherapy patients. Make sure to follow the administration schedule exactly as directed by the veterinarian for the best possible outcome. Cat owners should expect side effects of nausea, vomiting, tiredness, constipation, and abnormally dark urine coloration. 
Cost of Chemotherapy in Cats
The cost of chemotherapy treatments for cats can cost pet owners from $200 to $2,000, depending on the length of treatment. Pain and nausea medications can add another $25 to $50 in oral drug therapy costs. 
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Cat Chemotherapy Considerations
Many cat owners are concerned about putting their feline through chemotherapy, due to the duration and effects of the drugs. However, chemotherapy for felines is much milder than in human medicine and the side effects are not as severe. 
Chemotherapy Prevention in Cats
As scientists still do not know the exact cause of cancer, preventing this disease is difficult. Diet, medications, life style and use of chemical products are believed to be possible causes of cancer, but not enough evidence has been found to support these theories. Chemotherapy does not provide a permanent resolution of cancer in cats. 
Chemotherapy Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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short haired
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Max
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14 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Vomiting, Mass Abdomen, Weight Loss
My cat has a mass in his abdomen and most likely lymphoma I'm told. What kind of chemo pill is used and what is the cost to treat this cancer? He has lost weight but sill eating; has had an ultra sound.
Feb. 23, 2018
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Firstly it is important to confirm the diagnosis before starting to treat with chemotherapy, however depending on the grading and overall severity a number of different chemotherapy protocols may be used which may include up to five or more different medications together to give the best result; it isn’t as simple as lymphoma = one pill. As for cost, again this depends on the protocol used and the dosage; your Veterinarian will be able to give you a better indication. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Feb. 24, 2018
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domestic short hair
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Sagittarius
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13 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Withdrawn
Withdrawn, Depressed,
It all started with my cat Sagi, seeming off or depressed somewhat, i was spending a lot of time sleeping at the hospital as my nonna was very ill, we put it down to stress for Sagi as no blood or urine tests could find any abnormalities. Couple of months passed and Sagi would go up and down, but his vomiting had increased (he has always been a bit of a vomiter) Again vets confused. More time passes, Sagi is losing weight, hungry but not eating much, finally the vet thinks he may feel something in his bowels. We finally got Sagi in for an ultrasound and the also got a biopsy with a needle (?) The results came back as there being a mass most likely cancerous adenocarcinoma in large intestine. We booked Sagi in for an ct scan and enema because he hadn't opened bowels for days. The night before the appointment Sagi began throwing up what smelt like faeces. Once at the Vet hospital, the quickly decided that he must immediately do a ct scan, which revealed a complete blockage of his large intestine, we had to decide then and there euthanasia or extremely risky surgery. He had lost 65% of his body weight. We decided surgery. Success! The surgeon was impressed and surprised at how well it all went. Biopsies taken during surgery, of the large mass in the large intestine was confirmed as a adenocarcinoma, liver mass non cancerous, but spread to lymph nodes had occurred. We were told we had 2 options. Chemo or not. Without chemo 2+ months with 6-9+ months. Today as i write this Sagi just got home from his 5th round of chemo. He has steadily gained the correct amount of weight since surgery, he still has his whiskers, his fur is growing back from the surgery, but most importantly he is the cat he was before, dare i say better... like i said earlier ever since he was a kitten he has been a bit of a vomiter, and now his vomiting has dramatically dropped. He is happy, energetic, gaining muscle and enjoys life. We know he is terminal, it really is a matter of time for the cancer to get worse but you wouldn't know it looking at him. Chemo for Sagi has been positive for us. Expensive, yes, stressful at times, yes. But he hasn't had any side effects and i get to enjoy a little bit longer.
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domestic short hair
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Huggie
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8 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Bleeding And Weight Loss
My cat was bleeding a lot when urinating. He had a lot of blood loss. He was also losing a lot of weight. Took him to the vet and they found a mass in stomach. We then took him to the hospital for an ultrasound and the dr did a biopsy and the results came back. My cat is anemic due to blood loss and has transitional cell carinoma (tcc). He then had a blood and plasma transfusion and his blood count had went up. Surgery is not an option at this point. We don’t know how much longer he has but had put him on inflammatory meds. Next step option would be chemo. If we start chemo, and the tumor shrinks, would surgery to remove the tumor be an option?
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Doha Special
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Ali
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14 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Tongue Hanging Out, Problems Eating
My cat was diagnosed with Lymphoma 2 months ago, in the mouth and neck. She couldn't eat properly and kept dropping food, and had a big mass in her mouth. Her tongue was also hanging out. She had surgery to remove what they could and then we started on chemo(tongue still hanging out) I live in the middle east, so it was hard to get the medicine. After an agonising, worrying 4 weeks, we received medication from Australia (I think it's called doxorubicin), and she has had two rounds of it (another 4 to go). She also has steroid shots every few days, along with tramadol (pain killer). She has been doing really well, and no side effects. A few days after the second round, I was told the mass had increased, and I started to worry, and she had stopped eating. After another 1 week, I noticed her tongue was back in her mouth and she is eating so much better, and now won't stop eating. Also, I noticed her lump in her neck had gone down. The vet is now speaking to another ongologist to see if we can do laser surgery in her mouth to try and remove the masses. It's cost alot, but she is part of the family, so if you can go down that route, try everything you can. I still have a long way to with her, but to see her happy again and after all the love I have given her, its worth every penny.
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