Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost

What are Calcinosis Cutis?

There is usually an underlying cause of calcinosis cutis that needs to be addressed when deciding on the appropriate treatments for your dog. The most common underlying cause of calcinosis is either endogenous Cushing’s disease or iatrogenic Cushing’s disease. It can also be a sign of chronic renal failure. 

If caught early enough, your dog has a good chance of recovering from calcinosis cutis without having to undergo a surgical procedure to remove the deposits. Medications can be used to break up the deposit and have the calcium reabsorb back into your dog’s body.

Calcinosis cutis in dogs is when deposits of insoluble mineral salts occur in the different layers of the skin. These mineral deposits will cause dystrophic or metastatic calcification. In dogs, it is more common to have dystrophic calcification than metastatic. When calcinosis cutis becomes widespread, it is then referred to as calcinosis universalis.

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Symptoms of Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

Calcinosis cutis is a serious condition that should be addressed as soon as you notice something is amiss with your dog. The most common symptom is hard lumps that form under the skin, in the mouth or on the footpads. These lumps many times ulcerate and then discharge pus or a chalky substance. If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your veterinarian for an appointment. 

  • Hard lumps under the skin, mouth or footpads
  • Lesions on the skin
  • Swelling of the abdomen
  • Loss of body muscle
  • Hair loss or patchy alopecia
  • Black heads 
  • Weight loss

Causes of Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

The exact cause of calcinosis cutis in dogs is unknown. Many times a genetic link can be found but the most probable cause is an increase in the blood enzyme lipase. This will lead to the degeneration of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, or fat tissue, followed by the calcification of the degenerated tissue.

Dogs diagnosed with dystrophic calcinosis cutis can include idiosyncratic reactions to an injection or other foreign materials. Dogs diagnosed with metastatic calcinosis cutis often have the condition from the overproduction of adrenal hormones. The overproduction may be from cancer of the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland.

Diagnosis of Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

Your veterinarian will begin by asking you questions about what symptoms you have seen and about your dog’s habits. They will then conduct a thorough physical examination, paying close attention to any skin lesions that may have appeared.

A sample of the hard lump in your dog’s skin will be taken, usually by performing a skin scraping. Some cases may require the entire lump to be removed and biopsied. Histopathology is used to view the sample and search for any markers that show calcification. Histopathology is when specially prepared and stained cell samples are examined under a microscope. 

Your veterinarian will want to conduct blood tests to search for any underlying causes. A urinalysis and fecal examination may also be performed.

Treatment of Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

Your veterinarian will recommend surgical removal. This will require your dog to be put under general anesthetic while the mass or masses are removed. Your veterinarian will discuss the surgical procedure and what to expect during and after the procedure.

Some cases of calcinosis cutis will require additional treatments depending on any underlying cause. Your veterinarian will discuss all treatment options and the best plan for your dog. 

Smaller calcium deposits may be resorbed by your dog, some larger calcium deposits may be pushed out through the skin. Pushing them out through the skin can be messy because there is generally a white, chalky discharge. 

Your veterinarian may prescribe a dimethylsulfoxide or DMSO topical gel to apply to the affected areas once a day. This may help with mineral dissolution. Corticosteroids may also be used to treat the affected areas. As with all medications prescribed for your dog, follow dosing instructions carefully and finish the medications unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian. 

During treatments your dog’s serum calcium levels will need to be monitored as the calcium is being resorbed. This may cause a rise in the levels of calcium in their tissues.

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Recovery of Calcinosis Cutis in Dogs

During treatments, it will be important that you do not allow your dog to scratch, rub, bite or lick the problem areas on their skin. This will help reduce itching, ulceration, inflammation and bleeding. All affected areas will need to be kept clean and dry. 

Be sure to follow all post surgical instructions carefully. If you have any questions regarding your dog’s care, you should direct those to your veterinarian. Report any issues or complications that may arise during your dog’s recovery to your veterinarian.

Calcinosis Cutis Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals

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Maltese-Lhasa

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Bodhi

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8

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22 found this helpful

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22 found this helpful

Our 8 year old maltese-Lhasa has Cushings. He takes 20 mg vetoryl but his tests do not indicate that he is under control yet. About 10 days ago his skin started hardening, and now there are also large scabby patches. His hair is nearly gone. the vet gave him Apoquel and he is halfway through a 14-day treatment, without much change. She has offered a referral to a vet who specializes in skin conditions. She has not discussed a surgical option, but the areas are so large, it kind of freaks me out to think of surgical removal. I'm very worried about him. He is not particularly bothered by it in terms of his behavior or routines. What do you suggest?

Oct. 27, 2017


22 Recommendations

There are a few different options to manage any dermatological changes from the Cushing’s Syndrome which may include topical treatments, but most importantly it is important to get the Cushing’s Syndrome under control first and to determine the specific type of skin lesions. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM http://todaysveterinarypractice.navc.com/dermatology-details-dermatologic-markers-of-internal-disease-in-dogs-cats/

Oct. 27, 2017

My dog has just been diagnosed with Cushing's and has an awful skin condition in which sores open and weep and bleed constantly. In fact he was being treated for an unknown allergy for 3 months before Cushings was diagnosed. He has gone from a puppy-like 5 year old to a hobbling old dog in 4 months. I would be interested to know how your dog is reacting to treatment.

April 9, 2018

Kerry A.


I have a Hovawart, and though it is more uncommon for large dogs to get Cushing's syndrome, after months of testing this was (unfortunately, but at least we can treat it now) the outcome. My Henry also shows large area's of calcinosis cutis, bald spots on his back, as well as red areas around his mouth. Our team of Vet's decided indeed to first get the cushing syndrome under control, and then eventually add new therapies for the calsinosis. Knowing that i have to give it time, it is sometimes hard to see my dog like this. In 6 months time it was as if he aged 5 years at once. Probably the on/off prescription infection inhibitors for his paw (including wrong diagnose) by the previous vet are the culprit of the current problems. Was happy to read that we're apparently on the right track now (and a whole new team of vet's)

Dec. 18, 2017

S

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Boston Terrier

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Zoey

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10 Years

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My pet has the following symptoms:
Cushings
I have a 10 year old Boston Terrier that has aged so quickly from cushings disease. I have ordered some herbal liquid on line and she takes it well but I don't think its really doing anything for her. She has the hardening under the skin and alot of balding and patches of scabby areas, Her muscle mass is nil she has paper thin skin now and a larger belly This breaks my heart but she does not seem like she is in pain but I don't know for sure.

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