Discolored Teeth in Dogs

When a tooth fractures, the tissue inside may bleed, and bacteria can settle into the newly created space. This combination of bleeding and inflammation leads to tooth discoloration and decay. Though the discoloration itself is not harmful to your dog, it can be an indicator of a non-vital, or dead, tooth, which will need to be treated to alleviate pain and to prevent further complications.

A discolored tooth is characterized by abnormal coloration, which can range from pink or purple to tan or gray. A dog with a discolored tooth may be asymptomatic or may show signs related to oral discomforts, such as drooling or reluctance to eat. Because dogs often do not show pain, it is important that you bring your dog to the veterinarian as soon as you notice discoloration in a tooth, even if your dog is asymptomatic.

When a tooth is fractured, whether because your dog was chewing too hard or because of blunt trauma, the tissue inside may be damaged. The initial pink coloration is an indication that the pulp is bleeding. There is a small possibility that this will resolve on its own, but typically the inflamed pulp restricts blood flow in the tooth, leading to purple, brown, or gray coloration. If untreated, this can lead to the death of the tooth and infection in the bone.

Discolored teeth are typically detectable through a visual examination. Dental radiographs may help determine the source of the discoloration and viability of the root though they do not reliably show signs of disease in the tooth's pulp. Since a decaying tooth can lead to further complications or pain if left untreated, most veterinarians recommend treatment even if the diagnosis cannot be confirmed.

There are two types of treatment for discolored teeth: endodontic therapy and surgical extraction.

Endodontic Therapy

Endodontic therapy, otherwise known as a root canal, involves removing the damaged pulpal tissue. Once the tooth has been cleaned and disinfected, it can be filled with material to prevent bacteria from re-entering the canal. This is a less invasive procedure than surgical extraction and allows the dog to keep the tooth, and it has a high rate of success. After the tooth has been refilled, it can be bleached to match the color of the other teeth for aesthetic purposes.

Surgical Extraction

In cases where a root canal is not an option, the tooth may be extracted entirely. This is not typically recommended, however, as a decayed tooth requires major surgery for full removal. The roots of a dog's teeth often go deep into the bone and may be located near nerves or major blood vessels, making surgery more complicated and more painful for the dog.

Your dog should recover quickly from endodontic therapy though the healing process may take longer following a surgical extraction. As with any surgery, it's important to provide your dog with a quiet place to rest during this time and provide him or her with softened food. This both helps with any discomfort and prevents your dog from accidentally disrupting any sutures. If the veterinarian prescribed antibiotics following surgery, administer the full course according to instructions.

You may need to bring the dog back to the veterinarian's office for follow-up exams. Depending on the success of the endodontic therapy, X-rays may be needed to confirm that the canal is entirely filled and to ensure that the area around the tooth root is not deteriorating.

Though fractured teeth are common in dogs of all breeds and ages, it is possible to help prevent them. Exercise or train your dog every day, tiring him or her out and reducing the urge to chew. If your dog is a big chewer despite this, talk to the veterinarian about recommended toys that are easier on the teeth.