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Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
What is Discospondylitis (Spondylitis)?
Discospondylitis, also spelled as diskospondylitis, is an infection of the vertebrae and the surrounding cartilaginous discs. It is also referred to as vertebral osteomyelitis and the swelling created by this disease can cause severe pain as well as nerve damage in afflicted dogs if left untreated. If your pet is displaying the symptoms of this kind of disorder, don’t hesitate to contact a veterinary professional. Timely intervention will help to prevent permanent damage to the compressed nerves and to the bone surrounding the spinal cord.
Discospondylitis is the swelling of the vertebrae and the disks that surround them, as caused by either a bacterial or fungal infection.
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Symptoms of Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
The pressure that is put on the spinal cord due to swelling of the vertebrae and discs can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
- Abdominal pain
- Back pain or stiffness
- Collapse
- Depression
- Fever
- Hunched back
- Lack of coordination
- Lameness
- Loss of appetite
- Neck pain or stiffness
- Paralysis in one or more limbs
- Poor reflexes
- Reluctance to rise
- Shaking
- Staggering
- Tremors
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Yelping unexpectedly when touched or moving
Types
Discospondylitis (diskospondylitis) is an infection of the vertebrae and the discs that provide cushioning between the bones of the spine. If only the vertebrae are included in the infection, and the discs are spared, then it is known simply as spondylitis.
There are a number of bacteria and fungi that can cause the infection that causes discospondylitis or spondylitis. These can include:
Bacteria
- Brucella canis
- Clostridium perfringens
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Escherichia coli
- Pasteurella canis
- Proteus spp
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius
- Streptococcus spp
Fungi
- Aspergillus terreus
- Paecilomyces variotii
- Scedosporium apiospermum
Causes of Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
Several circumstances can increase the risk of this disorder developing. Previous infections such as UTI’s, abscesses, and contaminated wounds can move to the spinal column during treatment and proliferate unseen. Traumatic injuries that involve damage or fracturing of the bone can make it easier for the bacteria to invade the skeletal structure. Other conditions, such as chronic dental disease or post-operative complications, can influence the chances of this type of infection occurring. German Shepherd and Great Dane breeds are more likely to develop discospondylitis than other breeds.
Diagnosis of Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
There are a few disorders with very similar symptoms, such as intervertebral disk disease (IVDD), that this condition will need to be differentiated from. A physical examination will help your pet’s doctor to evaluate the general health of your dog and will also assist her in pinpointing the location of the pain. Preliminary blood tests, such as a complete blood count and biochemistry profile, will be done to determine if there are any infections or imbalances present. An electromyogram can be used to determine the electrical activity of the muscles, and a spinal tap may be done as well to get a sample of cerebrospinal fluid.
In most cases, the analysis of the fluid will reveal both that there is an infection, and which bacterium or fungus is causing the inflammation. Radiograph (x-ray) imaging will be used to help visualize the location and extent of the disease, and a neurological examination may be done as well. In many cases, a contrast dye will be injected into the space around the spinal cord to better see the fluid’s movement within the spine during the x-ray procedure.
Treatment of Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
The medication will vary somewhat depending on what diagnosis is reached. Bacterial infections will be treated with antibiotics, while antifungals will be utilized to defeat fungal infections. The treatment time for infections that affect the bone is considerably greater than other infections. A course of antibiotics or antifungals for this type of infection will usually take at least six weeks and may take up to six months. Anti-inflammatory medications will also be required to both manage pain and reduce pressure on the spinal cord itself. In critical cases, surgical intervention may be needed to debride deep wounds or to lessen the compression on the spinal cord. Exercise restriction will most likely be recommended until the swelling has been significantly reduced to prevent further damage to the spine. Your dog will need to have periodic x-rays to monitor the progress of the spine until both the infection and the swelling have been eliminated.
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Recovery of Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) in Dogs
Some improvement may be noticeable in as little as two weeks, but it is important to ensure that your dog continues treatment until your dog’s doctor tells you it is safe to stop giving the medications. Discospondylitis is difficult to treat due to its location and as with other stubborn bacterial and fungal infections, early cessation of the prescriptions may result in the reoccurrence of the infection. Osteoarthritis often remains in the area of the infection, even after the infection is eliminated, and should be managed with appropriate pain relievers.
Although the prognosis for dogs with bacterial infection is good with timely treatment, the prognosis is generally more guarded for dogs who contract a fungal infection instead.
Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) Average Cost
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Discospondylitis (Spondylitis) Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
don't have
Lila and Duquesa (sisters)
3 Years
6 found this helpful
6 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Severe Spinal Pains
Hi, I have two sister dogs of 3 years old which have severe spinal pains, both since 6 months of age. (mother is health // don’t know the father – mother was rescued pregnant)
I have come a long way in order to help this two sisters.
The first veterinarian I took, after get the x-ray images of the sisters, asked for a CT scan and was suspicious of a discospondylitis.
He asked for cultures. The first culture of urine and blood did not return any infectious agent (for both dogs).
A new blood collection for culture was made in the two sisters in the same day and in the same place; returned this agent: gram-negative coccobacillus. (material: blood agar) (could it have been a local contamination in the collection?)
After this result, we did a 6-month treatment with clindamycin.
After the treatment there was no improvement in pain. The x-rays were repeated and the situation was still bad.
The vet told me that there was nothing else he could investigate; so I changed the vet looking for new ideas.
A new orthopedist vet and a neurologist friend of him examinated my dogs, and their historical of exams and asked for a magnetic resonance for both dogs.
And after that, was made a biopsy of an intervertebral disc fragment; and for that the lab returned that it was no growth of bacteria or fungi.
As the results were all negative (we did’t find anything), they have suggested that the cause would then be not an infectious agent, but an autoimmune problem of the sisters.
Please, can you advise me on these points:
Have you seen cases of spinal degeneration caused by autoimmune reasons?
Where can I research about this?
What is the name of this disease / condition since it is not caused by an infectious agent but by the autoimmune system itself?
Which are the drugs usually used in this case?
Their lives have been a constant alternation between severe crisis and incredible well being walking normally.
Addicional information:
- The sisters have no historical of infections.
- No additional health problems observed or diagnosed. It’s only this process of severe degeneration of the spine.
- The mother gave birth to 11 pups, only these 2 sisters survived (some puppies were born dead, others died with a few hours of life)
- mother and the sisters are negative for Brucella
Thank you in advance
June 11, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
6 Recommendations
I believe the condition that they are referring to would be an immune-mediated meningitis, and this would be diagnosed via a spinal tap and analysis of the fluid. This disease is treated with immuno-suppressive doses of steroids and other immune modulating medications. I hope that you are able to get to the bottom of this condition for Lila and Dequesa.
June 11, 2018
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Mastador
Lemmy
1 Year
4 found this helpful
4 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Pain
This is my third post to Wag in the last 2 weeks or so, and I wanted to thank you sincerely for this service. I had previously posted that our 1 year old pup (Lab-Mastiff cross) had been diagnosed with discospondylitis involving the third lumbar vertebrae. The diagnosis has been adjusted to vertebral physitis of the caudal endplate of L3. I am just looking for info regarding the difference between the two diagnoses. I have been searching online but the available info is limited. Does one diagnosis have a better prognosis that the other? We had been given odds of about 85% that it would be a typical discospondylitis case (i.e., bacterial, not Brucella canis, and that the antibiotics would work, etc.) What are the odds for a pup with vertebral physitis? He's had a bone biopsy and we are awaiting cultures. In the meantime he is taking Clindamycin and Cefalexin. What is the cause of vertebral physitis? Is it basically the same thing as discospondylitis, just involving a slightly different anatomical area? I'm looking for any information you could provide to help me understand his new diagnosis. Our vet neurologist has limited time and we don't see him again for 3 weeks. Thank you in advance.
Feb. 28, 2018
4 Recommendations
Cases of vertebral physitis can be difficult to distinguish from discospondylitis; however vertebral physitis typically affects the lumbar vertebrae in dogs less than two years of age, but the origin of the bony lysis occurs from the caudal physeal region of the vertebral body rather than the disc region, apart from that difference the conditions are otherwise similar. I don’t have any resources really for vertebral physitis that I can refer you to as there is little constructive information out there on this condition. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Feb. 28, 2018
Found this page in a textbook:
https://books.google.com/books?id=evMCYYOdVCkC&pg=PA399
Read paragraph c. of page 399
Feb. 28, 2018
Callum T.
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Average Cost
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