Gallstones in Dogs
Gallstones in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What are Gallstones?
The gallbladder is an organ situated between the lobes of the liver, with a primary function of storing, concentrating and releasing of bile. Bile has many functions. It is important to your pet’s immune system, killing substances such as fungus and bacteria. It also serves to neutralize potentially toxic stomach acids and has the important work of stimulating food to move down the small intestine for processing. Due to the necessary functions of bile, a blockage caused by gallstones can lead to serious complications for the health of your pet.
Gallstones, also known as choleliths, are solid particles which vary in composition. They usually contain bile, cholesterol, bacteria, proteins and calcium salts. The gallstones can range in size from a tiny particle to stones large enough to cause a blockage in the gall bladder. Immediate veterinary care is necessary with a gall bladder blockage or perforation.
Gallstones Average Cost
From 18 quotes ranging from $1,500 - $8,000
Average Cost
$3,000
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Symptoms of Gallstones in Dogs
While gallstones can be present with no symptoms, a large gallstone that causes a blockage in the gallbladder or leads to a perforation of the organ, which allows for spillage of the bile into the abdomen, can be life threatening. Symptoms of a problem with the gallbladder include:
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal tenderness to touch
  • Abdominal pain
  • Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite.
Causes of Gallstones in Dogs
Gallstones are primarily caused by the hardening and formation of bile into large and small stone like fragments. It has been noted that gallstones are most often secondary to other underlying issues as listed below:
  • Nutrient deficiencies such as taurine
  • Environmental toxins
  • High concentration of gallbladder bile
  • Decreased bile flow
  • Changes to the lining of the gallbladder which can lead to complications such as bile forming a sludge and becoming thick.
Diagnosis of Gallstones in Dogs
If your dog is experiencing any of the symptoms normally seen with gallbladder complications, it is crucial to take your pet to the veterinarian immediately. Diagnosing gallstones in the earliest stage possible is important due to the risk of a rupture of the gallbladder, and the development of a life threatening obstruction or permanent organ damage.
At the start of the examination, your veterinarian will ask you to describe the symptoms and behaviors you are seeing in your pet. Physical observations will also be made by checking the abdomen for tenderness or pain, and by looking for signs of jaundice. Further diagnosis will involve ordering blood work to check the elevation of liver enzymes in the blood. An x-ray does not always provide a definitive diagnosis; additional investigation may include an abdominal ultrasound.
Unfortunately, due to lack of obvious symptoms in the early stages of gallstones, the diagnosis is not often made until there has been a blockage or rupture.
Treatment of Gallstones in Dogs
Some gallstones are small enough that your veterinarian may choose to dissolve them with a medication proven to give results. This conservative treatment is followed when the veterinarian feels a resolution of the gallstones is possible, along with an improvement in the flow of the bile.
If there is evidence that a blockage is present, or if a blockage appears to be imminent, surgery will be necessary in order to prevent serious health issues for your dog. Cholecystectomy, or removal of the gallbladder is done to avoid the likelihood of a life threatening situation. Gallbladder surgery may involve a stay of a few days at the clinic for your pet. Prior to surgery day, blood work will be done to rule out any underlying illnesses or problems with your pet’s health.
As with any surgery, risks associated with anesthesia are present. Your dog will be well monitored during the surgery, assuring a stable heart rate and pulse at all times. A cholecystectomy involves intensive care support throughout the procedure due to the possibility of bile entering the abdominal cavity. Bleeding must be controlled as well.
Recently, the veterinary surgical field has evolved to use the procedure of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy which has shown to be successful in many patients, with the bonus being that the procedure is less invasive and recovery is excellent.
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Recovery of Gallstones in Dogs
If your veterinarian chooses to use medication to dissolve the gallstones, antibiotics will also be administered to avoid infection. Vitamins and a high protein diet will be prescribed. Chances are that your pet will remain on a veterinary prescribed diet from now on, in order to prevent the recurrence of gallstones by ensuring the diet is conducive to good health.
Recovery and management after surgery will be more involved. With regular gallbladder surgery (as opposed to the laparoscopic method) there is a need to keep your dog quiet for a minimum of two weeks in order to avoid a tear in the incision. Your dog must be kept on leash when outside. It is recommended to use an Elizabethan collar to minimize licking the incision. Medication to aid in pain relief will be prescribed, along with a prescription to avoid infection.
Resolution of gallstones is possible; the result depends on whether the gallstones have advanced to a stage where further organ damage was done. If you suspect your dog is unwell for any reason, consult your veterinarian without delay.
Gallstones Average Cost
From 18 quotes ranging from $1,500 - $8,000
Average Cost
$3,000
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Gallstones Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Chow Shepherd
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Darcy
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17 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Stomach Ache
Stomach
My dog has gallstones & inflammation in the gallbladder severe the vet can’t operate dog is to old the vet is going to use a needle to drain out the fluid today she’s alert good appetite 4 small meals a day skinless boneless boiled chicken scrambled eggs or fresh broiled fillet fish we were told to limit her water to 16oz and only after meals any other options on medication or food otherwise she a healthy dog thanks she was on medication and was getting a daily shot was doing good now it’s bad again what can we do her stomach also making gergerling noise like she hungry
March 24, 2018
0 Recommendations
I don't really have anything else to add since many options like surgery are not an option due to Darcy’s age; your Veterinarian will guide you through the options they see appropriate given Darcy’s condition and current health. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
March 24, 2018
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Boxer Mix
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Tiger
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12 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Bloood In Urine
My dogs urine contains blood in it, not during the initial full out empty bladder pee when u first take home out but as we walk and marks his territory those little bits of wgat should be pee is blood . Starting to worry . He will not eat his dry k/d prescribed food unless I mix it with a can of the same wet food . I took him to our vet and he put him on antibiotics hoping it's an infection and would clear things up . We are almost a week into the antibiotics and no change . His behaviour is normal otherwise and doesn't seem to be in any discomfort other than the blood in pee and not touching his food . What can this be ? Worried if I put him through surgery it might be a rough recover considering he had surgery in sep to remove a big growth near his chest and really struggled to get to himself . I read a bit online and mentions gullstones or tumors . Is surgery only option and how safe is it with him being 12 ?
Jan. 28, 2018
2 Recommendations
Before we start thinking about surgery, we should be focused on diagnosing the underlying condition which may be due to infection, urinary stones, tumours, kidney disease among other issues; if there is no improvement you should return to your Veterinarian for blood test, x-rays and possibly ultrasound to get an idea of what the underlying cause may be. If surgery is indicated, this is something you should discuss with your Veterinarian regardless his last surgery and his recovery. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Jan. 28, 2018
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Miniature Pinscher
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Buddy
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9 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Blood In Urine
My 9 year old min pin is peeing blood. He's not in any pain and is eating fine and active. There are no charges in his day to day life just that he is peeing blood. I took him to the vet and they said he looks to be in good health then they took some pee to test and gave me antibiotics to start. They called me with the results and said there is nothing growing in his pee. The antibiotics I don't think are helping cus he is still peeing blood. What should I do next?
Sept. 16, 2017
0 Recommendations
There are many different causes for blood to appear in the urine which may include infection, urinary stones, poisoning, kidney disease, tumours, trauma among other issues. For me the next step would be imaging using either ultrasound or x-ray to look for any structural anomalies; blood tests may also be of some value to assess liver and kidney function. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Sept. 16, 2017
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American Eskimo
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Baxter
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16 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Gallstones
Hello I have a 16 year old American Eskimo with gallstone. He was initially diagnosed with biliary sludge last yeat and was started on Ursodiol. This seemed to do the trick and his liver enzymes started going down and had almost returned to normal and he was doing well. He had some vomiting last week and we did some bloodwork, His AST, ALT and gt were all elevated GT was 19 and AST and ALT were both in 900's I think. I do now have results with me now but I do remember that both were elevated and and at least one was in 900's, this is the highest his values have ever been. His pancreatic enzymes were also elevated. we did an untrasound initial results revealed small gallstones although not mucocele as of yet. His adrenals are also slightly enlarged. We did extensive testing last year to rule our diabetes, cushings diseases and other causes. We did not come up with a definitive diagnosis for why they were enlarged. We are currently waiting on review results of a specialist. in addition to the above finding his right kidney is slightly smaller than normal and his BUN was elevated. He is showing some signs of kidney decline but they are very mild given his age. He is also on Denamarin and Azodyl. The vet intitial diagnosis was that he might need his gallbladder removed. Given his age and other conditions we are very concerned about surgery in him. I have been doing some research into other treatment methods and I am not finding much. I bascially have two questions what other options can I try I am concerned because he developed gallstones while on ursodiol. We just changed his diet to i/d soft and nuggets mixed together. He was previously on Fromms whitefish and potato or salmon a la veg mixed with brown rice and canned pumpkin. He is currently on a short term course of famotidine due to his vomiting which has been resolved. Is there anything else we can do nonsurgically? I founf that they sometimes so lithotripsy in humans that are not candidates for surgery but I could not find anything about its use in canines. Can this be done in canines with any success? I am also curious as to how likely he is to progress to mucolele and eventually rupture. He is a happy dog and actually in pretty good shape especially given his age.
July 26, 2017
0 Recommendations
I understand your concerns regarding anaesthesia given his age, liver and kidney function. Lithotripsy is used in dogs to treat urinary stones but I’ve not read about its use for gallstones in animals; also lithotripsy isn’t something that you would find at your local Veterinary Clinic, specialist centers and universities would be where you would typically find the equipment. Looking at Baxter’s case, it looks like dietary management and supportive care is the way forward unless the Specialist is able to determine something. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 26, 2017
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Gallstones Average Cost
From 18 quotes ranging from $1,500 - $8,000
Average Cost
$3,000
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