Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 10/05/2016Updated: 05/29/2021
Veterinary reviewed by Dr. Linda Simon, MVB MRCVS
Intestinal Obstruction in Cats - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What is Intestinal Obstruction?
When an intestinal obstruction has occurred, the cat’s health will continue to decline until the condition becomes life-threatening. Early diagnosis and treatment is a leading factor in the likelihood of a full recovery. Signs of intestinal obstruction should be taken seriously and prompt veterinary treatment is strongly recommended.
Intestinal obstruction is a common condition that occurs when the stomach or intestines are partially or completely blocked. The blockage may restrict the flow of nutrients and/or secretions within the stomach and intestinal area. The condition is generally very painful and the presence of objects in the intestines can reduce blood flow, which may ultimately lead to tissue necrosis.
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Intestinal Obstruction Average Cost
From 484 quotes ranging from $500 - $2,500
Average Cost
$1,200
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Symptoms of Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
Cats who are experiencing an intestinal obstruction generally will feel unwell and will display one or more of the following symptoms:
  • Vomiting
  • Unwillingness to eat
  • Weakness
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Abdominal pain
  • Abdominal swelling
  • Weight Loss
  • Dehydration
  • Subnormal body temperature or a fever
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Crying or whimpering
  • Unwillingness to lie down
  • Depression
  • Shock
Causes of Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
Ingestion of foreign bodies is the primary cause of intestinal obstruction, and it tends to occur more commonly in younger cats as they tend to be more likely to ingest inappropriate objects. Other possible causes of the condition include:
  • Un-expelled hairballs
  • A tumor
  • Severe inflammation of gastrointestinal tract
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Hernia
  • Intussusception (may be caused by intestinal parasites)
  • Intestinal twisting
  • Polyps
Diagnosis of Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
After a full review of the cat’s medical history, the veterinarian will discuss the onset of symptoms, the cat’s eating habits, and whether it has access to objects such as string and sewing needles. If owners suspect that the cat may have ingested a particular object, the vet should be notified. 
A physical exam will be completed and a standard set of lab tests ordered. This will often include a complete blood count (CBC), blood chemical profile, urinalysis, and electrolyte panel. Abdominal palpation may indicate swelling or other intestinal irregularities. Visual diagnostics including X-rays or ultrasound imaging may be ordered and an endoscopy will likely be performed. In addition to providing a visual image of the intestines, an endoscope may also be used to extract tissue samples for biopsy and/or to remove foreign bodies that have been ingested.
Treatment of Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
Intestinal obstruction in cats often requires hospitalization. The course of treatment will depend on the severity of symptoms and the size, location, and source of the blockage.
Stabilization
If the affected cat is experiencing dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, it will need to be stabilized before any other treatments can be provided. Fluids and electrolytes will likely be administered intravenously and in some cases, plasma may be provided. 
Non-Surgical Treatment
When the obstruction is caused by a hairball, the veterinarian may choose to administer laxatives and monitor the cat for several days to see if the ball will pass prior to recommending surgery. This treatment option may also be recommended when the presence of a linear foreign body such as string or yarn has been detected soon after ingestion. Laxatives should only be provided under veterinary supervision and owners should never attempt to remove objects that are protruding from a cat’s rectum. 
In most cases, the veterinarian will attempt to remove foreign objects using an endoscope. This is less invasive than surgery, but it is difficult to ensure that no residual items remain in the intestinal tract. Endoscopes are also unable to remove large objects such as rocks.
Surgical Removal 
When attempts to remove the foreign body using an endoscope have been unsuccessful, surgical removal under anesthesia will likely be needed. During this process, the veterinarian will locate the blockage and make a small incision in the stomach or intestine in order to remove it. Once the surgeon has confirmed that all foreign materials have been removed, incisions will be closed using sutures.
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Recovery of Intestinal Obstruction in Cats
When veterinary care is provided promptly, prognosis for affected cats is generally positive as long as there are no surgical complications. Following surgery, pain medication and antibiotics will be prescribed and the cat may need to remain in the hospital for several days. Once the cat is able to hold down food and liquids, it will be able to return home. It should then be kept calm and given a quiet place to recuperate away from children and other pets. Care should be taken to keep the cat from licking the sutures and an Elizabethan collar may be needed.
Owners should closely monitor the cat for signs of dehydration or infection. Only bland foods should be given for the first few days in order to avoid further irritation. Sutures will need to be removed 7-10 days following surgery, and follow-up appointments will be needed to ensure proper healing.
Precautions should be taken to prevent the cat from ingesting objects in the future. This may include covering trash cans and keeping dangerous objects such as string and yarn out of reach.
Intestinal Obstruction Average Cost
From 484 quotes ranging from $500 - $2,500
Average Cost
$1,200
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Intestinal Obstruction Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Calico
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Morty
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22 Weeks
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Diarrhea
My cat is constantly leaking feces and can't seem to defecate on his own.. its seems to me that he could be partially blocked because when I help him I get long ribbon like feces or mud.. he has no problem eating or drinking and in fact acts as if we don't feed him at all.. he has not vomited once in two months we have had him.. I can also feel a hard mass that seems to move about his bowels and it blocks his rectal hole when I'm trying to help him produce a stool..
Aug. 20, 2018
0 Recommendations
Ribbon like faeces would be consistent with a mass partially obstructing the lumen of the rectum/anus opening; there isn’t anything I can recommend without examining Morty and suggest visiting a Veterinarian as soon as possible for an examination and treatment. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 20, 2018
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Maine Coon mix
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Autumn
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4 Months
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My pet has the following symptoms:
None Really, I Just Am Curious!
I just got a kitten yesterday from a shelter in LA, she’s super active and vocal and has peed and pooped (it was a good poop). But when she’s laying down I can feel an area that is malleable but doesn’t feel like it’s just the squishy part of a cat. The location is about two inches cranial to her left hip bone and an inch or so caudal to her last rib. Could it just be a bowel movement I’m actually feeling? Or should I be concerned? She also just got spayed yesterday—she doesn’t seem to be in any pain at all.
Aug. 14, 2018
0 Recommendations
It could be many different things, without having a feel for myself I couldn’t tell you for certain; the abdomen is a mix of different organs with a lot of faecal matter and gas passing through. If Autumn is otherwise in good spirits and nothing was noted during the spay I wouldn’t worry too much. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 14, 2018
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short haired
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Louey
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1 Year
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Hi I’m very concerned about my cat Louey he has this white film in both corners of his eyes . It started yesterday but he hasn’t been eating very well and he usually eats a lot he takes a few bites of his food and I haven’t seen him use the liter box in about 2 days and he only peed but I haven’t seen any turds in there from him. I made him an appointment for tomorrow morning but I’m trying to decide if I should take him tonight to the emergency center I don’t know if it’s something serious but I’m very concern. He’s acting normal He’s not acting odd and he still plays with our kitten that we just got a week ago. I just hope it’s nothing serious?
July 29, 2018
0 Recommendations
Without examining Louey I cannot say whether there is something serious or not but you should keep a close eye on him and possibly put a little plain canned pumpkin in his bowl to try and help with some defecation. If you have concerns you should visit an Emergency Veterinarian, otherwise visit your regular Veterinarian in the morning. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 30, 2018
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tabby
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Lucy
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6 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Not Eating
I'm wondering if my 6-year-old female long-haired cat Lucy has a hairball obstruction in her intestines. Took her to the vet 3 days ago because she had stopped eating. My vet palpated her abdomen, checked vitals etc, gave her a B12 shot and fluids and suggested that if she did not improve that she have further diagnostics. Lucy continued to only nibble at her food (over the weekend). She had one bowel movement and is urinating normally, but every time she goes to the feed bowl he smacks her lips and backs off. Vet suggested that I give her laxatone in a hefty dose and several times. I have been giving her 1/2 teaspoon doses frequently of Tomlyn's Laxatone, but so far she hasn't produced another stool (in two days) and continues to not eat. Do you think she may have a huge hairball still in her intestines? What might the possibilities be?
July 29, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
0 Recommendations
Some hairballs can be so large that they are actually a foreign body, so it is possible. Other possibilities include other foreign bodies, intestinal disease, or systemic disease. Since she isn't improving, it would be best to have her seen by your veterinarian again to make sure that she is okay.
July 29, 2018
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domestic short hair
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Mitzy
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8 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Straining To Defecate
Constipation
Not Eating
Impacted Anal Glands
Constricted Bowel
Mitzy (8 yr - spayed) is currently on her 3rd vet clinic since the 5th of July. Originally she was straining to defecate and not eating (2+ days of both when taken to the first vet), given fluids, anal glands 1/2 emptied (too painful to do all without sedation and sent home to 'monitor'. After 24 more hours of no eating or defecation we tried to get her back into same vet, told they were too busy and to come the next day. 4+ days at this point, told to take her to emergency 24 hour vet hospital. They surgically removed the impacted feces from her (took 2 attempts there was so much despite her being a tiny cat ~ 2.5 kgs) and sent her home on a specific diet and laxatives twice a day. She began eating a bit more at home but was still straining to defecate constantly, only passing a few small nuggets in the following week. 20 July she was taken back to 24 hour vet hospital where they flushed her bowels and finally took scans. Vet hospital could not determine the cause of her issues and we were told to just keep bringing her back to be flushed out when ever she seemed too uncomfortable (at about $1,500 per time btw). She was sent home on 3 x laxatives a day but still was not passing anything. Finally convinced my dad on 23 July to move her to a vet clinic I trust more (I wish i had pushed harder for this sooner) where she has been on fluids overnight, has anti inflams, was flushed out again yesterday (as fully clogged again) and managed to pass a good size and consistency stool today. A biopsy was taken of the constricting intestine and we are awaiting results. As yet we haven't seen / been told of signs of a foreign obstruction of tumors etc. Are there any possible ideas / explanations of what is causing this in her? we are trying to get as much information as possible while we await the biopsy result. Thank you.
July 25, 2018
0 Recommendations
It can be frustrating whilst waiting for biopsy/test results to come back, if a mass or any other pathology was discovered I’m sure you would have been informed of this; there are different causes for constipation or absence of defecation which may include tumours, foreign objects, ileus (lack of movement of a section of intestine which may cause an obstruction) among other causes. The Veterinarian must have found something for a biopsy sample to be taken, but I cannot give you any specific direction unfortunately. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 25, 2018
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Domestic shorthair
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Little Face
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4 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Weight Loss
Lethargy
Vomiting
Hiding
My cat is about 4 years old, and one day she started throwing up, i don’t exactly know if she ate anything and don’t know exactly what it could have been but she hadn’t eaten for the day, and it was around 3-6 when it started. It started it out as just throwing up foam, a white foam, and of course as time is going I’m just looking up everything that’s happening, trying to figure it out. She’s not eating or drinking and seems lethargic . I had given her activated charcoal and she just cry and throw up. The next day I call the vet and make an appointment cause the throwing up for that long wasn’t normal and me knowing my cat, I know that’s somethings wrong. We get there, get a physical and they can’t detect anything, mean while she’s acting normal at this point the little actress, so they give some fluids for dehydration and some other things to help with nausea and digestion I think it was. He also gave me some special food for her to eat. We get home she doesn’t want to food at all but when I click the top she get excited as all cats do. She drank water from the bowl on her own but she’s still not eating. The next day I try to give her more and she doesn’t want any of it. Times I had to force feed her (gently) and she would throw it up. So now I’m getting really concerned. Mind you this have been going for 4-5 days. One morning I wake up and try feeding her the food, she doesn’t like it but something tells me get her the regular can food. I tap it, excitement. I give her the tiniest spoon to smell and immediately takes to it, and eats what I give her of it. And then she drinks water all on her on. She only drinks and eat a little bit, but I’m proud of her. She holds it down for a long while but then she throws up. And for about a day or 2 that’s what’s been happening. She won’t over indulge in anything but when I give her a bit of food, wet food only, she’ll eat it mostly the juice but peices of meat to. And the water she’ll try and drink that. She has gone to the bathroom and few times since this started and no pain from what I see, but she doesn’t do it often. So now we are here where she is still throwing up and will drink water, I haven’t attempted to feed her yet, but I will. She has lost a lot of weight so of course my concern has peeked. And now she cry’s more when she throws up as well as the throw up now being yellow foam. And being that I have a dead end job at the moment money scares me, but I have options so I could potentially help her. I know the internet, As knowledgeable as it is, is not a tell all thing but I have done research on my own and from what I have seen, she either has an infection or a blockage. I myself feel like it might be an infect and could be gastritis, it fits her situation the best, but I’m not a doctor, I’m just trying to educate myself more and see what I can do or if I can do anything. And even in all of this she has plenty of moments where she acts normal for the most part, but still I need help. I am waiting for my vet to call me back, so I can get his opinion to help. Does anyone have any advice or thoughts about all this, I would love to know anything.
Intestinal Obstruction Average Cost
From 484 quotes ranging from $500 - $2,500
Average Cost
$1,200
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