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- Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Cats
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- Melena (black, tar-colored feces of digested blood. A sign of stomach bleeding)
- Diarrhea
- Hematemesis (blood in vomit)
- Vomiting
- Coma
- Depression
- Gingival hemorrhage
- Epistaxis
- Petechia
- Ecchymoses
- Thrombocytopenia
- Decreased antithrombin
- Elevated D-Dimers
- Elevated fibrin degradation
- Prolonged activated clotting time
- Activated partial thromboplastin time
- Prothrombin time
- Proteinuria
- Glycosuria
- Renal tubular casts
- Anuria
- Oliguria
- Icterus
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Decreased antithrombin
- Bilirubinuria
- Elevated total bilirubin
- Bradycardia
- Tachycardia
- Pale mucous membranes
- Hypotension
- Decreased cardiac output
- Global hypothermia
- Peripheral hypothermia
- Pulse volume
- Arrhythmias
- Respiratory
- Cough
- Frothy, bloody pulmonary edema fluid
- Cyanosis
- Pulmonary crackles
- Orthopnea
- Tachypnea
- Acute kidney injury
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Ischemia
- Antibiotic use
- Sepsis
- Pigment nephropathy (heat stroke/rhabdomyolysis)
- Acute lung injury
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Damage to the pulmonary endothelium
- Pulmonary contusion
- Damage to the alveoli
- Cytokine-mediated inflammation
- Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary capillary leak
- Bacterial infection
- Sepsis
- Endotoxemia
- Hypoperfusion of Splanchnic circulation
- Neurologic deterioration
- Hypoglycemia
- Metabolic encephalopathy
- Microthrombosis
- Hypovolemia
- Hypotension
- Cardiac failure
- Pain
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxemia
- Acid disturbance
- Ectopy
- Myocardial dysfunction
- Hypotension
- Circulating cytokines
- Systemic inflammation
- Microvascular thrombosis
- DIC
- Endothelial damage
- Widespread inflammation
- Encephalopathy
- Hypoglycemia
- Coagulopathy
- Hepatic failure
- Acute hepatocellular necrosis
- Endotoxin
- Ischemic injury
- Thromboelastography
- Fibrinogen
- Coagulation profile (PT, aPTT)
- Urinalysis
- Blood gas analysis
- Serum biochemistry profile
- Complete blood cell count with platelet count
- Echocardiography
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Abdominal radiographs
- Thoracic radiographs
- Aerobic cultures (wounds, blood, peritoneal, urine)
- Electrocardiogram: used to identify cardiac arrhythmias
- Blood pressure: used to identify hypotension
- Pulse oximetry: used to identify hypoxemia
- Feeding tube placement to start enteral feeding
- Administration of prokinetics, antiemetics and gastroprotectants.
- Treat oliguria with mannitol or fenoldopam
- Maintain renal perfusion
- Anticoagulation therapy
- Blood and/or plasma transfusions
- Use of a vasopressor or positive inotropes if refractory hypotension is found.
- Positive pressure ventilation
- Supplemental oxygen therapy
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