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Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
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What is Cardiac Arrest?
A very small percentage of canines who fall ill due to cardiac arrest recover. The survival rate is less than 10%. If a dog suffers cardiac arrest while under anesthesia, the survival rate is a bit higher due to the fact that immediate intervention is available, and aids like oxygen and catheterization are already in place. Lack of oxygen to the brain results in brain death within four to six minutes without cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR. There are three steps to CPR, basic life support, advanced life support and post-resuscitative care. These three components of revival include clearing the airway, giving fluid support and monitoring recovery. If your pet goes into cardiac arrest at home, chances of recovery are very slim.
Cardiac arrest, also known as cardiopulmonary arrest, is defined as the failure of the respiratory and circulatory systems in an acute manner. Resuscitation of your pet will depend on factors such as length of time under arrest before intervention and underlying cause of the event.
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Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
The symptoms of cardiac arrest can be very dramatic. Recognizing the signs and acting on them immediately is crucial. When a pet is under veterinary care, in particular under anesthesia, the monitoring of vital signs can alert the veterinary team to the incidence of cardiac arrest. Signs that you may see if the episode occurs at home are:
- Breathing abnormalities - difficulty breathing, decreased breathing, and respiratory distress
- Mucus membranes become white or blue due to lack of oxygen
- Pupils are dilated
- Obvious distress could be vocalized by your dog
- Collapse
- No response of any kind
Signs that are not obvious without the proper medical aids (like a stethoscope) are irregular heart beat, lack of heart sounds, changes in heart rate, and no pulse.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
Cardiac arrest in canines can occur due to many circumstances. From end-stage disease, to arrhythmias, to different types of cancer, cardiopulmonary arrest is an unfortunate complication of many canine illnesses.
- Anesthetic error (for example overdose of anesthetic during surgery)
- Anesthetic equipment failure
- Ventricular flutter
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Airway obstruction
- Electrical impulses to the vagal nerve
- Asystole
- Sinus bradycardia
- Decreased blood circulation
- Severe trauma such as to the chest
- Neoplasia
- Low oxygen levels
- Severe abnormalities of electrolytes
- Congenital heart failure
Diagnosis of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
The presence of a pulse, the pattern of the respiratory action, and the ability of your pet to respond are main factors when checking for cardiac arrest. After assessing a cardiac arrest, the veterinary team, whether during a surgical procedure or evaluating an emergency admittance, will follow the ABC steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in order to determine the status of your dog and attempt revival. Ensuring the airway is clear, ventilation with 100% oxygen through intubation, and compression to re-establish circulation of blood are the three steps normally followed.
Treatment of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
Recovery from cardiac arrest is contingent on prompt action. The goal will be to regain a beating heart and thus, normal function for your pet.
Basic life support is stage one of CPR
- Cleaning obstruction from airway if needed
- A tracheotomy could be necessary
- After clearing the airway, an endotracheal tube is placed
- Next is to restart the heart by chest compression, open-chest internal cardiac massage or defibrillation
Advanced life support is stage two
- Fluid resuscitation is carefully given depending on the stability of the pet
- An IV catheter or endotracheal tube are used for emergency medication
- An ECG will determine the type of arrhythmia (such as asystole or pulseless electrical activity for example), which guides the treatment
Post-resuscitative care is the third stage
- If your pet has been successfully resuscitated he will receive continued supportive care and will be assessed for complications like kidney and brain damage
If your pet has gone into cardiac arrest while you are at home, panic and distress on your part can make resuscitation difficult. Having a knowledge of pet CPR is something all pet owners could benefit from, but is rarely learned. However, if you have assistance and know for certain that your pet is in cardiac arrest you must clear the airway and begin chest compressions. 30 compressions (using one hand for a small dog and two hands for a medium to large dog) should be given and then two breaths into the nostrils. Again 30 compressions and two breaths. Continue. This is a very basic way to attempt CPR, with no guarantee of success. If you are fortunate, your pet may begin breathing again, or you may attempt to continue the CPR while someone drives to the emergency clinic. It is very important to note that CPR can be extremely dangerous for your pet if you have mistakenly identified his collapse as a cardiac arrest.
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Recovery of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
Even under the care of a veterinarian, the survival rate of a canine cardiac arrest is very low. Dogs who experience respiratory arrest as opposed to cardiopulmonary arrest have a better chance of survival, as do canine family members who go into cardiac arrest while under anesthesia. The survival of a dog with this condition will be highly contingent on how long he was in an arrested state, his condition when the event occurred, his age, and what exactly the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest was.
Cardiac Arrest Average Cost
From 367 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $12,000
Average Cost
$7,500
Top
Cardiac Arrest Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
Yorkie
Lilly
10 Years
11 found this helpful
11 found this helpful
May 17, 2018
11 Recommendations
May 18, 2018
I actually scheduled an appt yesterday and met with the vet since there are so many unanswered questions. I told him that I wanted exact details of what happened since she was fine when I left her in their care but died suddenly one hour later. Apparently they did lab work initially and everything looked good, then placed the IV catheter without any issues. Waited approx 15-20 mins then started the IV fluids. He said that immediately after opening the IV port she collapsed and was in cardiac arrest. They performed CPR, intubated her but was unable to revive her. What bothers me the most is that he did admit that since she never had any type of red blood through her vomit or feces, and it was only dark black that it possibly could have been a bleeding ulcer from the prednisone and/or antibiotic clavamox they prescribed her 2 weeks prior. He even stated that her lab work was good on this morning prior to starting the IV. I have been a medical professional for 25 years and I strongly feel that the vet tech must have started that IV port wide open and too much fluid (overload) caused her sudden cardiac arrest. He wouldn’t allow me to look at their documentation of the incident, only her labs prior to death. For the past 5 years of taking her to this vet they are quick to always prescribe prednisone for just about anything she’s had wrong and I explain every time that is caused her bowel issues and end of having to wean and stop the meds. So frustrating to think that a simple mistake with an IV caused me to lose my precious dog of almost 11 years!!
May 21, 2018
Lilly's Owner
Afgan hound
Flays
12 Years
0 found this helpful
0 found this helpful
March 28, 2018
0 Recommendations
March 29, 2018
Cardiac Arrest Average Cost
From 367 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $12,000
Average Cost
$7,500
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