Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 06/01/2016Updated: 10/22/2021
Veterinary reviewed by Michele K.
Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost

What are Tumor Related to Vaccinations?

Very uncommonly,  dogs may develop a tumor where they were given a vaccine.  One theory is that when your dog gets a vaccine, his body’s immune system will rush to that spot to fight off the invasion, and that inflammation can cause cells to become cancerous and spread, forming a tumor. Another idea is that getting vaccines every year (i.e. rabies) in the same spot is causing a buildup of medicine from the vaccine and scar tissue from repeated injections. Yet another group of experts claim the cause is from the aluminum the drug companies started including in the vaccines after the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) insisted that the vaccines not include live virus in its components. While quite uncommon, vaccine associated sarcoma is a serious and fast-moving invasive cancer that usually does not have a good outcome unless caught very early. 

A sarcoma in general is a cancerous lesion or tumor made up of connective tissue cells that develops fast and spreads rapidly. Unfortunately, this type of cancer is resistant to treatment, tends to return, and is fatal in most cases.

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Symptoms of Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

Many dogs with sarcomas may not have any other symptoms other than a lump at the site of the injection that quickly grows and turns into a large ulcerated sore. It is when the cancer starts affecting other parts of the body that you might see these other symptoms:

  • Fast heart rate
  • Pale gums, lips, and eyes
  • Exhaustion
  • Extreme weakness
  • Dark urine
  • Nosebleeds
  • Blood in the stool or urine

Causes of Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

Partly because the problem is so uncommon, the cause of vaccine associated sarcoma is controversial, as some veterinarians do not believe the cancer to be caused by vaccines and others claim that they are related. Even experts that claim that these sarcomas are caused by vaccines discuss several different reasons behind these claims. These claims are:

  • Immune system turning on your dog’s own blood cells, causing cancer
  • Buildup of medicine from vaccines in the same spot every year
  • Scar tissue from so many needle sticks in the same spot

Diagnosis of Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

Inform the veterinarian about the symptoms that brought you to visit and that you think it may be caused by an immunization. They will try to determine if the immunization was the cause or if another reason exists for the tumor. A complete and comprehensive full body examination will be done first so the veterinarian can look for signs of any underlying illness that could be causing the symptoms you describe. Your dog’s weight, height, body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiration rate will be documented and then the veterinarian will order some tests.

The diagnostic tests your veterinarian might perform are blood chemical panel, complete blood count (CBC), blood titers (antibody count), urinalysis, and blood coagulation (clotting) test. They may also do a Coomb’s test (direct antibody test) to determine which antibodies are attacking your dog’s red blood cells. However, the best test to diagnose vaccine associated sarcoma is a biopsy of the tumor. The veterinarian can do this by taking a fine needle biopsy, in which he inserts a thin needle into the tumor and removes cells to be examined under a microscope. Images may also be needed of the area where the tumor is present as well as a whole body MRI or CT scan to determine if the cancer has metastasized (spread). An ultrasound may also be done to find the edges of the tumor as another verification before treatment is done.

Treatment of Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

The most effective treatment of vaccine associated sarcoma is surgery to remove the tumor and adjacent tissues and lymph nodes if it has not spread to other vital organs. Your veterinarian may decide to do radiation treatment before surgery, after surgery, or both, depending on your dog’s health and age. Chemotherapy doesn't tend to be effective for this kind of cancer.

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Recovery of Tumor Related to Vaccinations in Dogs

After surgery, the chances of your dog’s recovery is fair, depending on whether the veterinarian was able to remove all of the tumor and enough of the surrounding tissue. In many cases, the tumor will return, and the best choice at that point is usually just palliative treatment (pain medication and fluids) to make your dog more comfortable in the time he has left. It is best to speak with your regular veterinarian about how often to vaccinate your dog, based on their lifefstyle and risks.  

Tumor Related to Vaccinations Average Cost

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Tumor Related to Vaccinations Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals

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Boston Terrier

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Six Years

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25 found this helpful

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25 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Lump
My Boston Terrier just got her vaccinations last Saturday & has a lump at the injection site. She has no other symptoms or signs of not feeling well. Should I be worried about this?

Aug. 7, 2020

Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM

25 Recommendations

Thank you for your question. Having a lump at the injection site of a vaccination is not uncommon, and is considered a mild vaccination reaction. It typically resolves over a couple of weeks, and is not usually painful or red or inflamed. If she does not seem to be bothered by this and it is getting better slowly, then you should be fine to monitor it. It would be a good idea to mention this to your veterinarian the next time that she gets vaccinations, and sometimes reactions worsen over time. I hope that all goes well for her.

Aug. 8, 2020

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Boston Terrier

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Mia

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10 Years

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8 found this helpful

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8 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Lump
My 10 1/2 year old Boston Terrier received a 3 year rabies vaccine in her right side, just above her hip. we noticed a week ago a lump developed which was hard and flat. We took her to the vet where they did a needle biopsy and CBC. They said CBC was good, and the biopsy came back with just indication of inflammation, no cancer, no cyst. After reading your article, I was wondering if tests come back inflammation, but it turns out to develop into a tumor anyway. How long do we go before we get this tested again if it doesn't go away?

Feb. 2, 2018

Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM

8 Recommendations

Thank you for your email. Local reactions to vaccines are not uncommon, and can cause firm swellings at the site of the vaccine for 2-3 weeks. Your veterinarian would have determined if the swelling was cancerous. I'm not sure the timing between the vaccine and when you noticed the lump, but typically you should not need to worry unless the lump is getting bigger, painful, ulcerated or infected, or is still there 3-4 weeks later. I hope that all goes well for Mia.

Feb. 3, 2018

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