Mouth Cancer in Cats
Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 10/07/2016Updated: 12/03/2021
Veterinary reviewed by Dr. Linda Simon, MVB MRCVS
Mouth Cancer in Cats - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What is Mouth Cancer?
Mouth cancer is cats is commonly caused by the oral malignancy known as squamous cell carcinoma. In fact, about 80% of feline oral tumours will be SCCs, and these are what this article will focus on. 
This type of cancer invades surrounding structures of the mouth including the mandible, maxilla, dental arcade, tongue and other portions of the oral cavity.  Squamous cell carcinoma cancer is often detected too late and treatments prove ineffective. Mouth cancer also presents similar symptoms to periodontal disease, so early detection and a proper diagnosis is essential.
If your cat begins refusing food, has lost teeth and has noticeably bad breath, the possibility of mouth cancer should be considered. Mouth cancer is a very aggressive, fast-growing cancer that is not usually noticed until the disease has reached advanced stages. Mouth cancer can be a tumor located anywhere within a cat’s oral cavity including the lips, tongue, cheeks, roof of the mouth, upper or lower jaw, and back of the mouth. Mouth cancer is not connected to any breed, age or sex of cat, but experts believe second-hand smoke could contribute to its occurrence.
Mouth Cancer Average Cost
From 377 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $10,000
Average Cost
$6,000
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Symptoms of Mouth Cancer in Cats
Mouth cancer in cats may be noted by a visible tumor or mass of the oral cavity. Unfortunately, squamous cell carcinoma tumors that grow within the tissues of the tongue, tonsils, roof, or back of the mouth often go unnoticed for a long time. Most pet owners realize their cat has developed a health problem after noticing some or all of the following symptoms:  
  • Bloody nose 
  • Mouth pain
  • Halitosis (bad breath) 
  • Weight loss
  • Facial swelling
  • Dropping food during a meal
  • Increased salivation 
  • Bleeding from the mouth
  • Difficulties eating and drinking
  • Loose teeth or loss of teeth
Causes of Mouth Cancer in Cats
The exact cause of mouth cancer in cats remains unknown. No breed, sex or age of cat is more susceptible than another, yet most felines are considered seniors when they are diagnosed (about 10-12 years old). For many, it is likely genetic. Experts believe that mouth cancer, like many other types of cancer, can be caused by environmental factors and diet. Your cat may be at a higher risk of developing mouth cancer if he or she:
  • Lives with owners who smoke 
  • Consumed a large amount of canned cat food, especially those containing a high tuna content
  • Uses a flea collar
Diagnosis of Mouth Cancer in Cats
Diagnosis of mouth cancer in your cat will begin with a review of your cat’s medical history and a discussion with the veterinarian. The vet may ask you what type of symptoms your cat has been displaying, when they were first noticed and for how long. Upon physical examination, your cat’s mouth will be fully examined and the tumour will be visually inspected. Blood work may be requested to assess the feline’s overall health before proceeding with a tissue biopsy. A biopsy of the mass will confirm the diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma cancer often invades the bony structures of the jaw, so an x-ray of the skull may be done before or after the biopsy. Mouth cancer is very aggressive and can spread to the lungs and lymph nodes, therefore, a CT scan may be requested to check for other tumor masses within the upper body.
Treatment of Mouth Cancer in Cats
The treatment of mouth cancer depends on the location of the squamous cell carcinoma mass and if any bone is involved. Surgically removing the tumor from the cat’s mouth is ideal, but not always possible. If the tumor is located in the front portion of the mouth, the tumor can often be removed along with a small portion of the jaw bone. However, if the tumor is in the back of the mouth, roof of the mouth or has spread to vital structures, removing the mass may not be viable. Some veterinarians treat mouth cancer in cats with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, not to treat the disease, but to improve quality of life. Therapeutic treatments can temporarily shrink the mass and allow the feline to eat or have a feeding tube placed to provide nutritional support. Treatment options for mouth cancer in cats varies from case to case, so ask your veterinarian about the best plan for your cat and his/her condition. 
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Recovery of Mouth Cancer in Cats
The prognosis for cats diagnosed with mouth cancer is rather poor, even after treatment. The reason for this is because mouth cancer is not usually noticed until the cancer has spread and symptoms begin to make themselves present. Treatments of the disease then begin after the cancer has reached its most aggressive stage, and only cats that have undergone surgery have the longest survival rate. Pet owners who choose not to treat their cat’s mouth cancer should expect their cat to live approximately three months.
Mouth Cancer Average Cost
From 377 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $10,000
Average Cost
$6,000
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Mouth Cancer Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Mixed
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Three Years
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13 found this helpful

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13 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Has A Swollen Bottom Lip.
has had a swollen lip for about 2 to 3 days now. It kinda feels a little hard. But doesn't seem to be bothering her. I just wanna know why its swollen without a huge vet bill?
Aug. 2, 2020
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
13 Recommendations
Thank you for your email. Cats can get inflammatory diseases that cause the lips to swell, and that may be what is going on, or it may be an infection. Having her seen by a veterinarian for an examination is a reasonable thing to do that shouldn't involve a 'huge' bill, and they will be able to examine her and give you an idea as to what treatment options there are for her so that it does not get worse. I hope that she feels better soon.
Aug. 2, 2020
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short hair
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Monkey
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12 Years
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25 found this helpful

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25 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Swollen Mouth
My 12 year old has a lump and a now a hole and the order is kind of bad but she still eats good and is in good spirits. But we want to know is there anything we can do or should we let her go? Heart broken mom...
Aug. 23, 2018

25 Recommendations
Without examining Monkey it is difficult to say what the specific issue is or if the mass is cancerous or not as I don’t know the exact location; you should visit your Veterinarian for an examination to determine if there is anything which can be done (surgery, medical management etc…) and discuss your options with them. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 23, 2018
I adopted a male cat named Monkey from the Women's Humane Society in Bensalem,Pa. He also has a swollen lip and sometimes the site opens and bleeds. The vet I saw explained that is most likely squamous cell carcinoma. Being on his upper jaw, his prognosis is poor. He is in pain and I am putting him to sleep today.
Sept. 10, 2018
Lisa I.
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tabby
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Sullivan
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11 Years
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12 found this helpful

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12 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Drooling
Swollen Gums
Swollen Chin
Moth Eaten Jaw
Sullivan is a large 11.5 yo orange tabby I rescued as a kitten when he was tossed from a moving car. We’ve been together through everything and he’s my baby. Three days ago I noticed his chin looked a little swollen and when it increased the next morning I called the vet and made an appointment. Expecting a tooth needed to be pulled or some kinda bug bite I was taken aback when X-rays revealed the front half of his lower jaw appeared “moth eaten.” Our vet suggested we try a steroid shot and antibiotics for a week and then reassess, but he also seemed pretty convinced it’s a form of cancer. I asked about biopsy and he said we could do that but if so to be prepared for surgery to remove the front half of his lower jaw. A tumor was not super evident from X-ray, just the bone issues and enlarged soft tissue at the chin. He took his meds today well and I gave him a 1/2 can of wet food as a reward (he’s been on a grain-free salmon based dry food the last 7 years). We go back to see if antibiotics have helped 8/22/18, but is there anything else I should look into? He’s eating and drinking at this point, but the swelling is preventing him from closing his mouth fully and he does drool on occasion. This morning there was a little blood as well, but I can’t see an actual mass or wound (possible result/leaky sore from all the swelling?). I don’t know that surgery is a possibility given that between 1/2 - 2/3 of his jaw seems affected. Also, is there anyway this could simply be an infection? And if so will the jaw re-calcify and heal once the antibiotic kills the infection? And how in the world did this infection/cancer progress so quickly without us knowing it?! Did I miss a million symptoms? Sullivan sleeps snuggled up next to my chest or head every night, so I’m beyond surprised I haven’t noticed anything before this. I gues I’m Just trying to prepare for best and worse scenarios as I have two young boys who think Sullivan hung the moon. I don’t want him in pain and he’s the most stoic animal I’ve ever met so it’s incredibly hard to tell if he’s hurting. Any suggestions on treatment options or questions to ask my vet would be appreciated.
Aug. 12, 2018
12 Recommendations
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with osteolysis of the mandible; other conditions may include other cancers, infections among other diseases. This is going to be one to be diagnosed by biopsy as I cannot say what the specific cause is or if there will be an improvement in the jawbone if successfully treated. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 12, 2018
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Rushen blue mix
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Lil Man
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4 Years
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7 found this helpful

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7 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Underneath Tounge Swollen
My male cat is about 4yrs old and he is an outside cat for the most part . Underneath his tounge is swollen really bad and he can barely eat an droling really really bad .I'm trying to find out what it may be
Aug. 4, 2018
7 Recommendations
Without examining Lil Man I cannot say for certain what the causes is, but a ranula or tumour may be two possibilities; you should visit your Veterinarian for an examination to be on the safe side to identify the swelling under the tongue so that the most appropriate treatment may be given. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 5, 2018
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Ragdoll
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Uno
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16 Years
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5 found this helpful

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5 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Sleepiness
Sleepiness, Stress
Our big Ragdoll has been diagnosed with SCC. Has all symptoms of this disease. Our vet is prescribing him Zyda Clin and says they are putting pain medication in his liquid bottle. What is the best & strongest pain medicine we could ask for?
July 16, 2018
5 Recommendations
It is not responsible to use the strongest pain medication immediately (it is also unlikely your Veterinarian will give you what your ask for), it is important to use the most effective pain relief for an animal in their present condition and adjust dosage or move up the ‘ladder’ as and when needed. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 17, 2018
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Long hair tabby/white
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Freddy
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14 Years
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1 found this helpful

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1 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Thick Drool, Brown Around The Mouth
My cat Freddy has got gum disease, he had 2 operations a few years ago to remove most of he’s teeth, since then he’s gums have flared up and he’s had Steroids meds for a few weeks. In February 2020 I noticed he was having thick drool, he been drooling since having he’s teeth out but not like this, this is thick and sticky, he also had brown around he’s mouth, I thought it was he’s wet food because he seems to be struggling again so I got him to the vets, they said it was he’s gum disease flare up so they put back on the steroids for a few weeks, when they ran out and he was not any better, I rang up the vets again to get another appointment but because of the lockdown In the UK they gave me appointment over the phone, they land up giving me more steroids, in that 2 weeks Freddy got worse, he couldn’t eat he’s food, I could see he wanted it but couldn’t seem to pick it up so I hand fed him thin ham and chicken in little bits, he stop grooming himself and stared pulling out he’s fur, I rang the vets back up and told them all this, I said he’s never stop grooming before or pulled he’s hair out or have thick drool or the brownness around he’s face, which wasn’t to do with he’s cat food because he can’t eat it now and it’s got worse, the vet asked be to send him pictures of Freddy’s mouth which I did through email, he rang me back and said Freddy has got an infection in he’s mouth so he gave him antibiotics and more steroids, 2 weeks later Freddy was no better, so once again I ran the vets said all what was going on ask to see a vet, they said I can’t because of the lockdown so they gave him different antibiotics and a longer course and steroids, after a month there was no improvement in him, he still couldn’t eat by himself, he brown sludge what I started calling it and the thick drooling was worse and he pulling out a lot of fur on he’s legs and underneath him, so I rang them up again said the same things again and sent more pictures of he’s mouth to them, they looked at them and finally said they would see him face to face but I would have to wait in my friends car, a few days later we got there they took him in, about 20 minutes later they rang me in the car said he’s lost a lot of weight and he’s got ulcerations under he’s tongue on the left side going to the right side now, then she said we think It’s cancer, I didn’t see that coming, they got me believing it was a bad infection, she said we can do a biopsy and if it is that it’s best he’s put to sleep when the time comes, I burst out crying, she said she would give me a minute or 2, I felt like my heart my life has been taken away from me, I love him has much has much has my children, he is my fluffy child, I always said that, In that moment I run out of the car went to the intercom and hold them I would Freddy back now, the vet came out with him, with the biopsy appointment in 6 days time and with strong pain meds and the normal pain meds he’s had before (loxicom) but not to give him that one until 3 days time, (can’t mix with steroids). I haven’t stop crying, I just know it’s cancer now I’ve read up about it, he’s got all the symptoms, I feel the lockdown has killed my boy, I knew something wasn’t right, I kept saying this everything time I rang up, I said he wasn’t like this with he’s gum disease, the brown sludge is he’s blood mix in with the thick saliva, I’m heart broken and to make matters worse, he’s got a lot worse in the last few days, he’s got more bleeding from he’s mouth, he’s tongue is hanging on the side and he’s struggling to eat by hand, I don’t think he’s got long so I rang them up and cancelled the biopsy because I don’t think he will make it through it and I don’t want him dying alone, the vet was ok with this saying she’s sure it is cancer, so she double he’s dose with the really strong pain meds and given me syringes too so I can feed him like that. I can only think he’s got worse so quickly because the vet had a good poke around he’s mouth which upset it even more. It’s 4 days since I found out, I don’t think he’s got much time with him now, I’m so setup and angry, I don’t want him to go, I don’t want to be the one to say when but I don’t want him to suffer anymore, he’s gone through so much in these last few years and now he’s dealing with this, it’s heart breaking, I feel like I’ve been robbed of he’s really old age, if the lockdown didn’t happen they would of seen it at the beginning but phone calls and pics wasn’t enough, they gave the wrong diagnosis so got the wrong treatment, I have right to feel angry but who do I blame, the vet? The Government? The Chinese from where the virus started? Myself? None of this is fair.
Mouth Cancer Average Cost
From 377 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $10,000
Average Cost
$6,000
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