What is Glucosuria?
Glucose in the urine can be discovered during a routine veterinary appointment, or there may be symptoms leading to the need for further review of the cause. Glucosuria is the presence of sugar within the urine. With glucosuria, there can be a normal concentration of blood glucose, but a high concentration found in the urine. More often though, blood sugar is high too.
The recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine is known as glucosuria (or glycosuria) in veterinary terms. The presence of glucosuria most often means diabetes. Other considerations would include a renal problem or systemic disease. Glucose in the urine in dogs should be investigated by a veterinarian, due to the many complications that can arise because of it.Glucosuria Average Cost
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Symptoms of Glucosuria in Dogs
Undetectable, to very low levels of glucose, are the norm. Serious consequences can result with a persistent reading of glucose in the urine. Many illnesses and diseases will cause glucosuria. If your dog is displaying any of the following symptoms, consult your veterinary care center without delay.
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
- Increased urine output (polyuria)
- The urine appears clear (diluted)
Diabetes or improperly functioning kidneys resulting in glucosuria may show additional signs:
- Low appetite
- Weight loss
- Breath odor (halitosis)
- Dehydration
- Muscle weakness
- Recurrent urinary tract infection (due to bacterial colonization in the glucose)
- Poor hair coat
- Vomiting
Types
The classifications of glucose in the urine are listed below.
- Hyperglycemic (having excess of glucose in bloodstream)
- Transient (this is a temporary case of high concentration)
- Persistent (occurs as the result of an ongoing disease)
- Normoglycemic (having a normal amount of glucose in bloodstream)
- Congenital (present from birth)
- Acquired (can be due to toxicity)
Causes of Glucosuria in Dogs
When the blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold for normal activity, glucose is then found in the urine. There are many reasons why your furry family member could have this medical issue.
- Transient
- Physiologic explanation like stress, uncommon in dogs (common in cats)
- Pharmacologic cause resulting from the use of glucose containing solutions, drugs, or hormones like glucocorticoids
- Toxic origin such as ingestion of ethylene glycol (antifreeze toxicity)
- Pathologic reason like acute pancreatitis
- Persistent
- Pathologic cause like diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism
- Less common can be lesions of the central nervous system and glucagonoma (tumor of the pancreas)
- Congenital
- Results from an inherited disease like primary renal glucosuria (Scottish Terriers are predisposed)
- Fanconi syndrome results in glucose in the urine (Basenjis are prone)
- Other breeds that are documented most to get Fanconi syndrome are Shetland Sheepdogs, Mini Schnauzers, Labrador Retrievers, Border Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, Whippets, Norwegian Elkhounds and mixed breeds (males and females are equally affected)
- Acquired
- Lead or copper toxicity
- Outdated drugs like tetracycline
- Acute renal failure
Diagnosis of Glucosuria in Dogs
Upon arrival at the veterinary clinic, it may be wise to ask right away for a sterile collection jar so that you can attempt to get a urine sample. Most dogs will cooperate and urinate outside the clinic; many other dogs will have left their scent.
The collection of a fresh sample is helpful for the veterinarian. Room temperature or body temperature samples can give the most accurate readings for glucose. Your veterinarian will obtain a sample by manipulation if you are unable to provide one.
Your veterinarian will ask the following questions as she performs a physical examination.
- What are the symptoms that your dog has been experiencing?
- Has he had a history of a recent illness?
- Has he been exposed to any toxins that you may know of such as drugs, copper or antifreeze?
- How long has he been urinating frequently?
- Is he having accidents in the house?
- What is his food and water intake like in recent days?
- Does he appear to be in pain?
Along with verification of the urine sample, the veterinary team will proceed with a complete blood count, biochemical profile, and electrolyte profile. If the urinalysis and the laboratory work are unable to provide complete answers, further testing could involve hexokinase or glucokinase dehydrogenase tests, which are enzymatic glucose assessments. An ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis could be needed also.
Your veterinarian, as she works on the diagnosis, will want to investigate the possibilities of other illnesses such as listed here.
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
- Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease that results in too much glucocorticoid being produced)
- Diabetes mellitus (signs are polyuria and polydipsia)
- Fanconi syndrome (a defect in the tubules of the kidney)
- Primary renal glucosuria (glucose in the urine without hyperglycemia)
- Hepatitis (as could be found with copper toxicity)
Treatment of Glucosuria in Dogs
Treatment of the glucose in urine in dogs will be very specific to the cause. For instance, if your canine family member is found to have diabetes, he will be put on medical management, which could include dietary changes and injectable medication in the form of insulin.
Fanconi syndrome does not have a cure, but guidance will be provided on how to care for your pet throughout the rest of his life with medication and control of kidney disease progression.
If drugs are causing the glucose in the urine, alternative medication will be prescribed. A toxicity like antifreeze will mean a hospital stay and detoxification treatment.
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Recovery of Glucosuria in Dogs
Recovery and home management will mean follow-up visits with your veterinarian in order to get the glucose situation under control. In the case of diabetes or Cushing’s disease, for example, the medication that your pet must take will need to be carefully monitored and controlled by the veterinary team.
Keep the team up to date on your beloved family pet’s health. Attend all follow-up appointments as directed, even if your pet appears to be back to normal. A veterinarian prescribed diet, along with vitamin and mineral supplements will be the norm. Glucose in the urine in dogs can be resolved or at the very least well managed with regular veterinary communication and care.
Glucosuria Average Cost
From 367 quotes ranging from $500 - $6,000
Average Cost
$2,500
Top
Glucosuria Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
Welsh Corgi
Gomboc
13 Years
11 found this helpful
11 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
No Special Symptoms
My dog based on urine test has 6 mg/dl glucose in urine. Is this a sign of a problem I should be concerned? When tried to see the glucose in her urine with the indicator strip no glucosuria showed up. Her SDMA values are normal, glucose was normal, fructozamine also in normal range.Thanks for your answer.
July 27, 2018
11 Recommendations
Normally glucose is present in the urine once blood glucose levels go over 180mg/dL; stress is a possibility for glucose to be present in the urine but we normally see this is cats instead of dogs. If the blood glucose, fructosamine and SDMA values were normal I wouldn’t be concerned about diabetes or kidney disease. It may have been an error in testing and should be repeated (I don’t fully trust test strips). Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
www.idexx.eu/globalassets/documents/parameters/9452-us-glucose-interpretive-summary.pdf
July 28, 2018
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Cavoodle
Willow
3.5 years
7 found this helpful
7 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Glucose Found In Urine Sample
Unsteady
I took my dog into the vet after noticing slight unsteadiness after ball time. Blood tests revealed issues with kidneys and urine sample showed glucose in the urine. It was an old food container i used so could have been tainted. She isn't displaying any symptoms except not drinking quite enough water right now. could she be simply dehydrated?
Nov. 21, 2017
7 Recommendations
It is important to make sure that any dog is hydrated, but I would recommend you ask your Veterinarian for a sterile sample jar to collect a urine sample just to do the test again to eliminate any possible contaminants and get a clean reading. If the blood tests revealed kidney issues, hydration is more important and dietary changes are key. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Nov. 21, 2017
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Mixed
Tater
11 Years
7 found this helpful
7 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Sugar, Drink, Urinate, Stones
Tater has bladder stones. Vet says large amounts of sugar in urine. But not a diabetic does not have cushings disease. Liver biopsy was normal. Drinking lots of water, peeing LARGE amounts and very sticky at cleanup. Hair falls out easily. New science diet, has lost several pounds. Not playful anymore. Bilirubin is normal. High enzymes of some sort in liver panel. Needs surgery to remove stones for second time in 5 years. He is a mixed breed dog.
Oct. 22, 2017
7 Recommendations
I would have the urinary stones removed and a specific diet tailored to Tater’s needs based on the type of urinary stones which are being found; also if there are high liver values, Denamarin may help with liver support which is a natural product available over the counter but is effective in many cases. Depending on the type of urinary stones, I would recommend following the article below from the Merck Veterinary Manual on dissolution and prevention of urinary stones using diet and supplements (not all stones play ball with this). Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
www.msdvetmanual.com/urinary-system/noninfectious-diseases-of-the-urinary-system-in-small-animals/urolithiasis-in-small-animals
Oct. 22, 2017
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Border Collie
Buddy
7
0 found this helpful
0 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Diarrhea, Lethargy
Species: Dog border collie
Gender: male, neutered
Age: 7yo
Weight: 48 lbs
Location: California
No remarkable history.
Clinical signs: 2 days diarrhea and vomiting, otherwise no change in eating/drinking habits, resolved after bland diet and unmedicated - prompted vet visit for stool/urinalysis (stool clear/WNL, UA found glucose 100mg).
Vet advised CBC (see below) and Urine culture/Lepto panel (clear/WNL) and repeat urinalysis with another local vet, below:
CBC results:
GLU 86mg/dL
BUN 19mg/dL
*CREA 2.0mg/dL (ref interval 0.5-1.8)
All other measures within normal limits
UA analyzer:
*GLU 50mg/dL
All other measures within normal limits/unremarkable.
Second Vet recommended seeing internist/specialist for possible ultrasound of kidneys (another $1000). We're going to see what the internist says but is it possible the GI symptoms weren't linked to the trace glucosuria result?
Patient is active, appears to now be asymptomatic.
What are your thoughts on how to proceed given the borderline high Creatinine and trace glucosuria, if you've seen this presentation before, and possible differentials?
Happy to provide full panels if needed. Thanks in advance.
July 26, 2017
0 Recommendations
It is possible that the gastrointestinal symptoms are unrelated to the renal symptoms. Borderline results may be significant or not, but worth keeping an eye on. If you are able to see a Specialist just to have a more indepth examination and workup would be useful to know if it is something to be concerned about. There are numerous conditions which can affect the permeability of kidneys causing them to loose molecules like glucose, again a Specialist would investigate these further. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
July 26, 2017
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Glucosuria Average Cost
From 367 quotes ranging from $500 - $6,000
Average Cost
$2,500
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Easily compare quotes from the most trusted pet insurance companies in the United States.
