Most dogs are exposed to rotavirus at some point in their lives. Canine rotavirus is part of a large group of RNA viruses from the family Reoviridae. Different strains of rotavirus affect many types of animals, including humans, cats, cattle, pigs and birds as well as dogs, and they are one of the leading causes of diarrhea based illness around the world, primarily in children. Strains of rotavirus are species specific, but the RNA strands have the ability to mutate easily and can jump species fairly often. The virus is most prevalent in third world countries where humans live in close proximity to cattle and other animals. The effect of canine rotavirus is generally mild. Puppies under 12 weeks of age commonly have symptoms of watery diarrhea. This is rarely fatal, unless the puppy is especially weak or the infection is combined with another disease such as canine parvovirus or coronavirus. In adult dogs, rotavirus is not usually symptomatic and dogs that have been exposed to the disease carry antibodies in their feces, so secondary infection is less serious. Occasionally a particularly virulent strain of the virus can cause a problem, or dogs with weakened immune symptoms may be especially susceptible. Although canine rotavirus does not typically affect humans, the virus can be zoonotic (communicable to humans), so good hygiene practices are essential, especially around large populations of infected dogs. There is currently no vaccine for rotavirus in dogs.
Rotaviruses can cause infection in many animals including humans. The virus is rarely symptomatic in dogs, but puppies may experience mild diarrhea and occasionally other symptoms as well. Veterinarians call this canine rotavirus. The disease is usually not serious and most symptoms resolve themselves in 8-10 days.