Protrusion of the Rectum and Anus in Dogs

The large intestine’s lower section is known as the rectum, and this section stores the waste from the colon before it passes out of the body through the opening called the anus. The anal canal is lined by several layers of skin and muscle that help with the contracting and expanding of this canal as waste is preparing to leave the body. Protrusion of the rectum and anus in dogs occurs when the dog’s rectum, either a few layers or all of the layers, drop down and extend outside of the anal opening. Also known as rectal prolapse, it looks as if the dog has a hard, fleshy, tube coming out (yet still attached to) of his anus. Any type of mass, either cylinder shaped or a large piece of skin that protrudes out of the anus needs to be examined by a veterinarian right away. Other parts of the intestine can drop down as well, so having a medical professional examine this condition as soon as possible is necessary.

Protrusion of the rectum and anus in dogs transpires from the rectal layers, all or in part, dropping down and extending outside the opening of the anus. There are many causes for this condition, ranging from parastic infestation to disorders of the digestive system.

If your dog has a prolapsed rectum, he may exhibit specific symptoms. Symptoms can include:

• Dragging his bottom along the floor
• Licking the area
• Exposed tissue extending out of the anus
• An irritable demeanor
• Straining to defecate

Types

If your dog has rectal prolapse and requires surgery, there are three types of surgical procedures that are performed. The surgical procedure depends on the severity of the rectal prolapse. Surgical types are:

• Perianal purse string suture
• Colpoplexy
• Rectal resection

This disorder most likely can occur in younger dogs, although dogs of all ages can be affected. There are a variety of causes of this disorder. Causes can include:

• Perineal hernia
• Diarrhea that occurs often and leads to straining
• Constipation that occurs often and leads to straining
• Urinary disease
• Intestinal disease
• Anorectal disease
• Digestive disorders
• Gastrointestinal parasites

Once you notice the symptoms and take your dog to the veterinarian, the veterinarian will do a thorough examination. He may order specific laboratory tests to determine any underlying disorders, such as gastrointestinal parasites, digestive disorders, or other diseases. Blood work, a biochemistry profile, and urinalysis will be carried out, as well as any diagnostic imaging that the veterinarian feels is necessary to further confirm a diagnosis.

A probe will be inserted into or alongside the inner rectal area to identify the type of tissue, either rectal tissue or anal tissue, that is protruding from the anus. Once this is determined, he will run specific tests to determine the underlying cause for the prolapse, such as from any parasites in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Once the underlying condition, if any, is found the veterinarian will make a decision concerning treatment. Treatment methods can vary depending on the condition of the dog and the severity of the prolapse.

Surgery

The medical professional will then determine method of treatment, such as surgery, if needed. This may need to happen in extreme cases and if the prolapse is within the upper and inner rectal canal. The dog will need to have anesthesia for this surgery, which involves repairing the prolapse. This invasive or partially invasive surgery may require hospitalization and stitches, so when the dog is released he will have to be closely monitored. 

Medication

Rather than surgery, in mild cases, the veterinarian may apply a topical medication to help relieve the swelling. He may massage the area to help reduce the swelling and be able to manually put the tissue back into its proper place. This may also require stitching to prevent a recurrence, so the dog will have to have a form of anesthesia to reduce any pain.

Once your dog has been treated, the veterinarian may prescribe stool softeners or a special diet to allow the area to properly heal. A buster collar is needed to prevent licking. Monitor your dog to ensure they are not rubbing the area and do not continue to strain. It is important to keep all follow-up appointments with the veterinarian and to follow the instructions given for any at-home care. It is important to contact the veterinarian if you see any unusual signs or symptoms, such as consistent diarrhea or any signs of your companion not feeling well. The prognosis of the protrusion of rectum and anus in dogs is generally good, but it also depends on the underlying condition your dog may have. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to ask your medical professional.