Unsteady on His Feet in Dogs

Vestibular Syndrome

The vestibular system helps maintain balance. It has several components in both the brain and in the ear, particularly the inner ear – an area of the ear that has a great deal of influence on balance. Vestibular syndrome is a term given to a sudden disturbance of balance; it often affects older dogs primarily. Because of this, vestibular syndrome is often referred to as “old dog” disease. Vestibular disease can be caused by a number of factors: ear infections, ear trauma/injury, tumors of the ear, or hypothyroidism. Any dog breed or gender can be affected by vestibular disease. 

Ear Infection

If you notice your dog suddenly weaving or circling and you also observe excessive ear scratching, your dog could possibly be experiencing an ear infection. There are three kinds of ear infections in dogs – otitis externa, media, and internal. Each affects a different part of the ear. Basset Hounds and Cocker Spaniels are especially prone to ear infections due to their floppy ears. 

Otitis externa is characterized by inflammation of the cells lining the outer portion of the ear canal. It is the most common type of ear infection in canines. You may notice a loss of balance in your dog accompanied by head shaking and odor. If you notice these symptoms, it is best to get your dog to the vet for proper testing and medication. 

Otitis media and internal are infections involving the middle and inner ear – these are most likely the infections to cause your dog’s balance to be off. Left untreated, middle and inner ear infections can cause deafness, facial paralysis, and vestibular disease. It is imperative to see your vet for proper testing and medication. 

It should be stressed here that some ear infections are the result of ear mites, which leave a distinctive “coffee ground” debris behind. If you notice your dog tilting his head, unbalanced, whining when scratching at his ears, then get him to the vet for proper treatment. 

Stroke

Strokes can occur in dogs, especially those who are middle-aged or older dogs. Known as “cerebrovascular accident,” strokes occur when blood supply to the brain is suddenly disrupted or no longer occurring. Dogs suffering a stroke may lose their balance and circle or “weave” as if drunk, lose bladder or bowel control, tilt their heads, become aggressive, or begin having seizures. Brachycephalic dogs, Greyhounds, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and miniature Schnauzers are often more prone to strokes than other breeds. You should see your vet immediately if you believe your dog could be having a stroke. Your vet will need to determine the type of stroke your dog is experiencing and the underlying cause of the stroke. 

Brain Tumor

Typically found in older dogs, brain tumors usually have progressive symptoms. These symptoms will vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Some symptoms can present suddenly, for example, some older dogs that previously had no health issues may begin having seizures. Some tumors cause behavioral changes in dogs; others may experience weakness on one side of the body. Still, others cause head tremors and unsteady gait. These symptoms may come and go or come on suddenly, so it’s best to see your vet if you notice one or more of these signs, even if they seem to get better. 

Inflammation of the Brain (Encephalitis)

Usually the result of an infection, encephalitis symptoms usually present suddenly and continue to worsen. German Shorthaired Pointers, Maltese, and Yorkshire Terriers are predisposed to inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis can be caused by tick-borne infections or a fungal infection known as valley fever (this is usually local to the Southwestern United States). Rarely, encephalitis has an idiopathic cause (no apparent reason for the inflammation). In this case, it is assumed that the brain and spinal cord are under attack by the immune system. Middle-aged small breed dogs are most likely to experience this type of encephalitis. Another form of idiopathic inflammation is called necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME). Middle-aged Pugs, Maltese, Chihuahuas, Papillons, Shih Tzus, and Boston Terriers are prone to this type of encephalitis. Suspected encephalitis should always be checked by your vet.