Brain Tumors in Dogs
Brain Tumors in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What are Brain Tumors?
A brain tumor is a serious condition caused by improper cell division in tissues associated with the brain. These cells are unable to receive the “stop growing” signal and continue to divide, forming masses that can replace or damage healthy brain tissue. Brain damage can cause abnormal behavior, weakness or lethargy, and difficulty moving. Only a veterinarian can properly identify and diagnose a brain tumor, so make an appointment as soon as possible if your pet exhibits unusual behavior or tremors.
A brain tumor is a malignant growth associated with one or more of the structures of the brain, classified by the type of cells in the tumor, the behavior, and any secondary changes seen in or around the tumor. Brain tumors may arise either from the neural tissue itself, or metastasize (spread) from associated muscle, bone or blood.
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Brain Tumors Average Cost
From 21 quotes ranging from $5,000 - $25,000
Average Cost
$12,000
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Symptoms of Brain Tumors in Dogs
  • Tremors
  • Abnormal Behavior
  • Lethargy
  • Weakness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Vision loss or impairment
  • Bleeding in the brain
  • Tissue necrosis
  • Abnormal hair loss/growth
Causes of Brain Tumors in Dogs
  • Exposure to carcinogens, either acutely or over one’s lifetime
  • Genetic predisposition
Diagnosis of Brain Tumors in Dogs
Brain tumors vary widely in the type of malignant growth, their location, size and rate of growth. The symptoms of a brain tumor will be determined by two factors: the part of the brain the tumor is damaging, and any other structures nearby. For example, it is not uncommon for bone tumors deep inside the nasal cavity to spread to the brain, causing persistent sneezing and bloody noses, or for brain tumors beneath the eye socket to press on the optic nerve and cause blindness or double vision. Thus, any abnormal behavior or unusual symptom such as bleeding from the nose should be reported promptly to a veterinarian, as this may be an early clue to a hidden illness.
There are many steps a veterinarian can take to successfully diagnose a brain tumor, beginning with a simple head x-ray. This procedure can easily be done in most clinics and thanks to digital imaging, can provide results immediately. However, plain-film x-rays do not always provide enough detail to properly identify or even visualize the tumor, especially if it is of a similar density to brain tissue. Therefore, if the x-ray turns up an inconclusive or negative result, a CT scan with contrast is usually the next choice. A CT scan is essentially a series of pictures taken via a rotating x-ray camera that are re-assembled into a 3D image. To better distinguish the potential tumor from the surrounding tissue, a special dye will be injected using an IV. This dye often causes a sensation of tingling warmth, but is not painful and will not harm your pet.
Another diagnostic tool that may be used is the MRI. MRI technology using magnetic pulses to image the interior of the body, and is better for diagnosing tumors composed exclusively of soft tissue. These machines can be somewhat loud or intimidating, but owners may be allowed to accompany and comfort their pet.
Finally, when the tumor is confirmed and located, one or both of the following may be necessary. First, if the tumor is accessible to surgeons, a biopsy (small sample of tissue) will be taken for testing to identify the tumor. If the tumor is not accessible, or additional information is required, blood or cerebrospinal fluid may be taken for testing, as immunological markers may be present that will identify the tumor.
Treatment of Brain Tumors in Dogs
The treatment for a brain tumor will vary widely based on the nature and location of the tumor, the size and how early it was diagnosed. In general, an accessible tumor will be removed surgically, along with radiation or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy with Cobalt-60 has shown significant increases in survival rates compared to surgery alone.
An inaccessible tumor cannot be treated surgically, and so chemotherapy/radiation may be employed. Steroids to reduce swelling and anticonvulsants to stop seizures may also be used to minimize symptoms and provide the dog with some comfort, but this is usually to ease the passing of the animal, and is not a cure.
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Recovery of Brain Tumors in Dogs
In general, outlook for dogs with brain tumors is guarded or poor. Well-defined, single brain tumors that have not grown to excessive size and may be accessed surgically have the best chance of a successful outcome. Tumors in groups or inaccessible to surgeons have the poorest prognosis. Radiation therapy can be used to extend a dog’s life over a few additional months, but is not usually a cure. Palliative treatment to make a dog more comfortable is often given, including steroids, anticonvulsants, and painkillers.
Brain Tumors Average Cost
From 21 quotes ranging from $5,000 - $25,000
Average Cost
$12,000
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Brain Tumors Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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German Shepherd
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Magic
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8 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Panting
Tired
Stumbling
Confusion
Hi, my dog Magic has recently started to act very tired all the time. He would occasionally yelp whenever he would stand up. And then he would just start walking around and bumping against walls and occasionally almost falling over. I took him to the my veterinarian and he said that he has a fever and prescribed Magic some steroids and antibiotics. Today is the first day of me giving him those, so I’m sure not much has changed, however he laid in one spot for about 6 hours and currently he is just walking around and putting his head in corners. Again, occasionally stumbling and almost falling over. He also would shake his head back and forward for about 2 seconds and then stop. My vet didn’t say anything about a brain tumor, he only said fever. Could these symptoms be caused by just a fever or should I have him looked at more closely?
Aug. 14, 2018

0 Recommendations
Head pressing or staring at corners is a concerning symptom which may be caused by a few different neurological conditions, if this wasn’t discuss with your Veterinarian yesterday you should call them to add this symptom to the list to keep your Veterinarian informed. One day of treatment is unlikely going to show any improvement and it may take a few days or a week before an improvement is seen. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 14, 2018
Okay, I called and let him know. He said just to give it time and let the medicine do it’s job and if he doesn’t improve to bring him back in
Aug. 14, 2018
Magic's Owner
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Mix lab-pitbull
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Dexter
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7 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Seizures
My dog started having seizures just before he hit 7 years. He has always been in puppy stage and he still is. First two seizures were 6 months ago within 24 hours. Then he had two more over the six month course. I understand he is in the gray zone by the age, epilepsy vs tumor. I’m trying to schedule an MRI for him as not knowing is killing me. Could dogs be just normal for 6-7 months between seizures if it’s brain tumor? His last doctor visit last week was all normal except for two seizures in a week. Thank you!!!
June 18, 2018
0 Recommendations
The brain is still considered a mystery for medicine and doesn’t always follow a logical pattern; but generally we would to see seizures more often in cases of brain tumours, but not always which is why it is important to have an MRI scan done to confirm whether there is a tumour (or other pathology present). Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
June 19, 2018
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Shetland Sheepdog
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Emma
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9 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Bulging Eye
Runny Nose
Uveitis
Emma presented with allergies and red itchy eyes at first. So we have her APOQUEL. Then her right eye started to bulge and left eye appeared to have anterior uveitis. Then the vet said she had something systemic. After running all of the blood work, tick test, chest x-ray, and ultrasound, everything came back normal. Now they suspect she has a tumor somewhere in her brain or behind her right eye cause it to bulge, which also explains why the left eye is so inflamed. She isn’t responding to presnisone or doxycycline. Lethargic, panting, uncomfortable, all signs of pain. I can’t get in to see an internist for another week and I keep going to the ER and they keep sending me home. 1) Is she going to before I can get to see the internist?! 2) did the Apoquel do this to her?
June 12, 2018

4 Recommendations
As far as I am aware, the issues which Emma is presenting with are not associated with Apoquel (Oclacitinib), see link below for prescribing information. If the eye is bulging and there is an unknown cause, I would be tempted to do an ultrasound of the eye to see what is behind. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM www.zoetisus.com/products/dogs/apoquel/downloads/final_apoquel_pi_030116.pdf
June 13, 2018
Thanks, I read the pamphlet too. Doesn’t apoquel suppress the immune system? The cancerous tumors could have stayed at bay for at least a couple more years. She showed no signs of cancer before I gave it to her. Then two weeks later, full blown cancer. I’m sure Apoquel accelerated the growth of the tumor. There’s just now way this is a coincidence.
June 13, 2018
Emma's Owner
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Golden Retriever
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Chase
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11 Years
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Hello, my golden retriever, Chase (11 y/o), had 3 grand mal seizures over a period of 7 hours. We rushed him to the emergency clinic where he was administered phenobarbital. Before his seizures happened, he had a clean bill of health, aside from being treated for hypothyroidism. His CBC blood work at the vets on the night he seized came back perfect and did bro have any concerns on his chest X-ray aside from arthritis. He has not had a seizure since being put on a 2x/day dose of oral phenobarbital, and he is regaining coordination and regular behavior relatively quickly. We live in South Carolina and have many toads that come on to our property, as we live off of a river/swamplands, and have read that some species secrete neurotoxins, but would value input regarding possibility of this being caused by a brain tumor. He has an MRI scheduled.
June 7, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
6 Recommendations
At Chase's age, if you are able to have the MRI, I think that is a good idea. Sudden onset seizures in an older dog are always concerning. I'm glad that he is responding to the Phenobarbitol so well, and if the MRI finds no lesions, your veterinarian may guide you in weaning him down off the medication with the chance that a toad was to blame. I hope that all goes well for him.
June 7, 2018
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Boxer
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Clara
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6 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Sickness, Wobbly
Sickness, Wobbly, Rolled Eyes
We lost our deaf, white boxer, Clara, on 12/04/18 totally out of the blue! She woke us up being sick and her eyes were in the back of her head. She was very wobbly on her back legs and there was lots of bile, sick, some wee & poop everywhere. She struggled to walk out to the toilet and when she did she stood still facing one way. She toppled over and when we ran to pick her up she collapsed onto one side. A few hours later we were told by the vet the blood test had come back as pancreatitis and she was on a drip & pain relief. Three hours later she had deteriorated and within an hour she had crashed and was being kept alive by a machine (Leading up to this she seemed in perfect health albeit I had noticed she had been having trouble chewing hard chews for around 4 months and her teeth were in perfect condition as was her mouth). She had also had head tremors in the past but not in our company for over 18 months. Her nose was wet and cold throughout all of the time she was sick. She had always been mean to other dogs since our other boxer was attacked. We are confused as they had been running around on a long walk (she was always walked at least 1.5 hour walks a day). Do you think we should of done more for her, we are confused and utterly devastated as is her brother.
April 15, 2018
0 Recommendations
It is difficult to say specifically what exactly has happened here and I would recommend having a necropsy done to help get more answers to ease concerns you may have. Without having more information or examining her I cannot say what specifically happened or if there was more that could have been done on your or your Veterinarian’s part. Sudden death is always distressing, especially in the lead up everything was normal. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
April 16, 2018
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German Shepherd
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Toby
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13 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Restless
Whining
Siezure
My 13yr old German Shepard has had 2 seizures within about 2 months of each other. After the first seizure, I was told it could be a brain tumor because he seems to have some nerve issues in the back leg. It took him longer to flip his paw back over and notice she was pinching it. The blood work was fine and they basically said wait and see. After the second seizure, this Dr. did blood work - which was fine and started him on phenobarbital. She didn’t mention anything of a brain tumor. He’s an anxious dog to begin with, but these meds seem to make him extremely restless. If this is a brain tumor, is the phenobarbital a necessary medication? And to get an MRI is an hour away. He’s terrible in the car and I’m debating if it’s worth putting him through that, as if it is a tumor - I don’t think brain surgery would be doable at his age. Can he just be treated as if he had a tumor?
Brain Tumors Average Cost
From 21 quotes ranging from $5,000 - $25,000
Average Cost
$12,000
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