Mobility Problems in Dogs

Dogs can develop problems with mobility for a number of reasons and although this condition is seen most frequently in older dogs, younger dogs may also be afflicted. This can occur due to birth defects, physical trauma, or neurological damage. If your pet is exhibiting difficulties moving they should be seen by a veterinarian. Treatment methods that are available will depend on the underlying cause of the mobility problem, and may include dietary supplements, medications, therapeutic tools, and in some cases, surgery.

Mobility can be a problem for canines due to age, injury, or birth defect. In some cases, these conditions are quite painful, but in other cases the afflicted animal is free from pain. 

Mobility problems in dogs can crop up in a number of ways. In many cases, a dog that is afflicted with mobility issues may also experience pain when attempting to move, so they may make vocalizations that are uncharacteristic for them or may be reluctant to rise or to exercise. There are some occasions where dogs may have difficulty moving without pain, such as dogs that experience paralysis due to either neurological disorders or spinal damage.

• Pain
• Recumbency
• Lack of interest in activity or exercise
• Lack of movement

Types

• Age-related Disorders - Most disorders that result in a loss of mobility are disorders that commonly develop as animals grow older; these conditions, such as arthritis, hip dysplasia, and cancer, are typically accompanied by significant amounts of pain 
• Birth Defect - Some birth defects, particularly those of the spine such as spina bifida or spinal stenosis, may cause dogs to have mobility difficulties even when they are very young  
• Injury - Some injuries may cause damage to the bones, joints, or muscles which can lead to difficulty moving; although many of the injuries that may contribute to issues with mobility will eventually heal, there are some that may cause permanent paralysis or weakness

There are several disorders that may lead to difficulty or pain for canines, some of these conditions include: 

• Arthritis - One of the more common causes of mobility difficulties, arthritis is typically known as a condition that occurs during the senior years, but it can sometimes occur in younger dogs as well 
• Back Problems - Back problems, particularly those related to the spinal column itself, may impede natural movement as well; in some cases, injury or chronic physical stress may lead to the back trouble, while in other situations, diseases such as degenerative myelopathy, spondylosis, or a disc prolapse, may be the cause 
• Dysplasia - Although all dogs are subject to the possibility of developing either hip or elbow dysplasia, it is most frequently seen in large or giant breed dogs 
• Neurological Disorders- Neurological damage, such as the damage caused by a stroke, meningoencephalitis, or even certain types of poison, can also cause canines to have difficulty walking or standing
• Tumors - Either malignant or benign tumors can interfere with the animal’s normal movement and may also cause pain when they attempt to move

Your pet’s doctor is likely to start with a thorough physical examination in order to evaluate the general health of the dog as well as to also assist them in pinpointing the location of the pain. Diagnostic blood tests, such as a complete blood count, urinalysis, and biochemistry profile, will also be ordered to determine if there are any infections or imbalances that may be contributing to the immobility. Radiographs, also known as x-ray imaging, will be utilized to help visualize the bones as well as getting a clearer picture of the joints.This may help to determine if conditions such as damage to the bones or arthritis. 

If arthritis is suspected, then the examining vet may also take a sample of the synovial fluid that lubricates the joint capsule for evaluation.  An examination of the patient's neurological functionality may also be done to rule out any neurological damage or disease. In cases where spinal dysfunction is suspected, a contrast dye will be injected into the space around the spinal cord in order to trace fluid’s movement within the spine during the x-ray procedure.

Treatment for mobility related disorders will depend on the underlying condition that is causing the difficulty moving. Some of these conditions, such as cancerous tumors, dysplasia, and even in some severe cases of arthritis, may require surgery. In other cases, surgery is not effective, and other methods will be used to help increase the patient’s ability to get around. These therapeutic methods can include not only anti-inflammatory medications, but also hydrotherapy, therapeutic massage, and acupuncture or acupressure. These methods can be particularly helpful in relieving pain from disorders like arthritis and hip dysplasia as well as helping canines that have been stricken with neurological conditions. 

Hydrotherapy has also been proven beneficial for the patient’s digestion and circulation as well as promoting good balance and regular swimming in a safe environment is an exercise that may help to reduce the chance of your dog developing these disorders in the first place. While some disorders, like uncomplicated back injuries, some tumors, and even some neurological diseases, are reversible, most are incurable. These disorders are typically treated to manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disability, and therapeutic tools such as harnesses, slings, and canine wheelchairs may need to be employed.

There are many simple things you can do to make your home environment more comfortable for your mobility challenged pet. Some of these measures may include:

• Ensure nails are regularly checked and trimmed 
• Get a ramp or doggy stairs to get into the car or on the bed or couch
• Keep food and water dishes in close reach
• Maintain a moderate temperature indoors
• Provide a thick, padded bed 
• Put skid-proof socks on your dog
• Reduce narrow spaces, particularly between furniture
• Supplement the dog’s diet with glucosamine
• Use area rugs for traction on slippery floors
• Use non-stick stair treads on stairs