Amputation in Dogs
Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 12/07/2016Updated: 07/12/2021
Amputation in Dogs - Conditions Treated, Procedure, Efficacy, Recovery, Cost, Considerations, Prevention
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What is Amputation?
Amputation involves the surgical removal of a body part that is diseased or damaged beyond salvage. In dogs, the parts more commonly amputated are a limb, toe(s), or the tail. It should be remembered the docking the tail of newborn pups is an act of amputation. 
The aim of amputation is as a salvage procedure to prevent pain or suffering by removing a damaged body part or to prevent the spread of certain aggressive forms of cancer. This is a surgical procedure commonly undertaken in first opinion practice. 
Whilst amputation may seem a radical option to us, dogs do not seem to experience the same mental sense of loss as humans, and the vast majority adapt extremely well to the loss of a limb. Indeed there is a saying in veterinary circles that dogs have "Three legs and a spare." 
Amputation Procedure in Dogs
This is a surgical procedure that requires full general anesthesia. 
First the patient should be thoroughly assessed to check there are no other treatment options and that amputation is the most humane treatment. 
From start to final suture removal, a typical timeline is 10 - 14 days. 
In the majority of cases where amputation is necessary, the dog hasn't been using the limb for some time. This means once the anesthetic and discomfort of surgery has worn off, the majority of dogs adjust remarkably well. Indeed, some are noticeably brighter and more mobile than pre-surgery because they no longer experience pain or discomfort from the diseased limb.
The amputation procedure involves: 
  • Inducing a full general anesthetic
  • Clipping hair from the affected area and that immediately surrounding it.
  • Scrubbing the area with disinfectant to make it surgically sterile
  • Draping the area
  • A scrubbed surgeon makes a skin excisions, dissects away muscles, transects bone, and then repairs the dissected tissue and closes the skin.
  • Limb stumps are usually left undressed, whilst toe or tail amputations may have a dressing applied. 
  • The dog must wear a cone until the sutures are removed
The dog is often hospitalized overnight for pain relief and discharged the following day. 
Efficacy of Amputation in Dogs
Key to successful surgery is selecting those cases in which amputation is the best option. In these cases, the majority do very well afterwards and readily adapt to life without the missing body part. Obviously, amputation is irreversible so it is not undertaken lightly. Also, using effective pain relief prior to surgery is important to reduce the risk of 'phantom limb pain' afterwards. This is a condition in which the dog experiences ongoing stimulation of the nerve roots, despite the limb's removal. In some cases, amputation can be life-saving, such as the patient with a complex fracture where the only other option is euthanasia, or in the cancer patient with an aggressive osteosarcoma where removal of the primary tumor reduces the risk of spread.
Amputation Recovery in Dogs
The vet will supply effective pain relief to be given to the patient at home. If the surgery was lengthy, or the dog has a weak immune system, then a course of antibiotics may be prescribed. 
The dog is liable to be quiet for a few days after what is major surgery. Provide soft, padded bedding and encourage the dog to lie with the affected side uppermost. 
It may be necessary to support the dog in a sling improvised from a towel slung under their belly when the dog goes to the toilet for the first few times after surgery. 
The dog must wear a cone to prevent them from licking or chewing the surgical site. 
The owner should be vigilant for any discharge from the surgical site, such as blood or pus, and contact the clinic if they are concerned. Other signs to be alert for include swelling, excessive bruising, or the wound opening up. 
The dog requires a check-up three days after surgery, and provided the recovery is uneventful, the sutures are removed 10 to 14 days post surgery.
Cost of Amputation in Dogs
The average cost of limb amputation is $700-$1000. Prices may vary depending on whether a debilitated patient needs intravenous fluids during the anesthetic and special nursing care. Cost of pain relief for the recovery period ranges from $12 to $40, whilst a typical antibiotic course is $17 to $40 depending on the size of the dog and antibiotic selected. 
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Dog Amputation Considerations
Animals do not experience the same psychological hang-ups about amputation that people do. After a short period of adaptation, most dogs do very well indeed. During the recovery period, it is essential to maintain good hygiene of the pet's bedding and surroundings so that the wound does not become infected. If surgery was performed to prevent cancer spreading, then follow-up radiographs or imaging of the chest or liver may be advisable three months later.
Amputation Prevention in Dogs
Prevention of amputation is often not possible, as it is a last resort treatment. However, in some cases amputation may be performed due to financial constraints, such as when the cost of specialist fracture repair are prohibitive. In these cases, another course of action other than amputation may be possible when financial products are available to manage the cost of treatment. 
Amputation Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Doberman Pinscher
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kiki
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6 Years
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2 found this helpful

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2 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Noncancerous Growth
i have an 80lb doberman mix with a recurring growth on her hind leg. its been removed twice, and had usually been a big jiggly plum on the surface near her elbow. this time when it grew back it grew in instead of out and she cant bend the lower part of her leg. before her last surgery the doctor suggested considering amputating if it came back again because itll keep happening. shes 6 now and tho it doesnt seem painful it does seem to make it difficult to get comfy. she likes hopping on the bed. will amputating effect her lifespan?
Aug. 31, 2018
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Boxer Mix
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Leo
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5 Years
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1 found this helpful

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1 found this helpful

My pet has the following symptoms:
Progressive Tumor Spreading
Our 5 year old 90 lbs Boxer mix was diagnosed with an Infiltrative Lipoma in his back right leg. The Vet specialist recommends amputation. From the CT scan they believe they can get still get clean margins if we do the amputation soon. I just want to make sure I am doing the right thing? I hate to take his leg off it seems so extreme. He isn’t limping on his leg yet but it has progressively gotten more and more swollen and it looks very uncomfortable. Do we go through with the amputation?
Aug. 31, 2018
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Labrador Retriever
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Joey
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16 Weeks
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0 found this helpful

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We have a 16 week old lab pup with a broken leg (Accident - broken when he was approx 6 wks). Amputation has been recommended by 2 surgeons due to the extent of the damage. What are the risks with amputation in a young dog that is still growing. The other leg is normal. He is still weight baring on the broken leg and will pick it up when he is sore. I have experience with small breed dogs but not large breed puppies. My concern is that the growth plate in the healthy leg may not be able to stand the stress of all the weight. He is a rescue dog, hence the delay in treatment.
Aug. 23, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
0 Recommendations
There aren't really any risks with amputation once the surgery has been done. His other leg should not have any problems supporting his weight. It can be harder for large breed dogs to have a missing front leg, but if the injury is that severe, that may be the best route to take. I hope that all goes well for him.
Aug. 23, 2018
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Scottish Terrier
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Abigail
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2 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Wound
Hello There, Wow what a useful page! My dog had a caudectomy as she had a lump on her tail. We had it removed today, 22 August 2018. We have planned to take our dogs to the beach for the first time in their live and were very excited. We have booked dog friendly accommodation and excursions. But most of all we were so excited to see their reaction when the waves come in and the whole big mass of water and sand to play in. BUT NOW, this happened. According to our surgeon the wound or the tissue will bind within 10 days (1 September 2018 when we arrive at the beach home) and the stitches can be taken out in 15 days(when we leave 5 September 2018). Would we be able to let her run in the water? Would it be harmful if the tail gets wet? Its not as if we will submerge her in water..... We obviously want the best for her....
Aug. 22, 2018
0 Recommendations
Whilst it sounds like a fun holiday for Abigail and your other dogs, I would recommend against allowing her to run or be near the water at all to be on the safe side; plus sand can also be your enemy too. There are too many negatives than positives on this one. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 22, 2018
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German Shepard Mix
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Roxie
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4 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Pain
Limping
Hi everyone. My dog Roxie has severe pain in her back right leg. She is overweight and we are now working with her to help her lose weight in attempt to relieve some pain. She still walks on it, and sometimes limps. Her pain started with what we believe was a long walk that strained her too hard but we aren't certain. We took her to the vet and they did x-rays and the x-rays showed that it was her knee. The vet said that it was arthritis and there was nothing we could do, and that even surgery was not going to help. The only medication that we were prescribed was a pain medication that I wasn't sure even worked. Should I get a second opinion or amputate her leg? I know that with amputation her pain will be gone and that is exactly what I want. She wants to run and play but her leg prevents her from doing that. Any advice would be helpul. Thank you.
Aug. 21, 2018
0 Recommendations
The decision to amputate a limb in a young active dog should not be taken lightly, without examining Roxie myself I cannot say what the best course of action would be; however it would be useful to consult with another Veterinarian to be on the safe side before you go for an option like amputation. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 21, 2018
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Golden Retriever
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Tessie
dog-age-icon
3 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Limping
Our 3 year old Golden Retriever was just diagnosed with osteosarcoma in her right front leg and no visible spread yet. She is having an amputation of the shoulder and leg and will begin chemo shortly after. She is otherwise a healthy, spunky and at times crazy dog. Have you seen any cases of a dog living more than 2 years after this treatment? I am praying hard.
dog-breed-icon
runt
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premie
dog-age-icon
3 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Completely Pulled And Torn Foot
Torn Foot Away From Rear Leg Joint
dog tried to hop fence and got stuck every week splint taken off and redone waiting for amputation at low cost, meds make dog uncomfortable and has been going on for about 2 months if someone could help vet cant find surgeny
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Boucheron
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Spoon
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11 Years
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1 found this helpful

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My pet has the following symptoms:
Leg Cancer
Extreme Pain
Terrible Limp
Hello My dog, Spoon, is an 11 and a half year old, boucheron rescue, 100 pounds. (thought he was a doberman mix until recently, but he isn't. He is a dead ringer for the pure breed pictures) A year and a half ago, he stopped being able to walk on his back left leg. As he started to limp and put less pressure on it, I had thought it was an ACL injury given how the symptoms manifested: my first dog as a grown-up has ACL surgery and they screwed it up, making it a gimpy leg. This led me to be highly skeptical in the surgery and thereby wait to visit vet and thereby not diagnose cancer more quickly. I didn't go to oncologist because it was clear, no matter what, treatment would involve amputation of leg. The tumor wraps around his knee, so could not be removed without it. So I rejected the option So at diagnosis, I didn't think he would live long. I figured the cancer had probably already spread (which even now seems unlikely it has, or if it has, has caused to other problems at all). I wasn't going to do cancer treatment because it was too expensive and, I felt, would cause pain and suffering without any guarantee if it would extend or improve the quality of his life at all. (I've seen other dogs get such treatment, and since they don't understand what's happening, it seemed cruel. People take chemo and suffer the symptoms knowing it might help them. Dogs do not understand that.) It wasn't clear how much life he had anyway, given he was 10 and a 100 pounds, though in the most excellent health, robust, people thought he was a puppy all the time until the leg weakened. I had prescription for gaba pentin, but found that CBDs - a marijuana or hemp derivative that is not psychoactive -- worked better than anything and was happy it was natural with no other side effects. I would walk him 5 miles a day or more before the diagnosis, after some adjustments after the diagnosis, we got up to maybe 3 miles a day . (And he was (is?) a strong swimmer too, would go to river often) Then right at this last New Years, he stopped being able to walk again. I went to doctors again and it really seemed like the end. His pain was SOOO bad. So I had already been giving him 2 buffered aspirin a day (you need to give with food and check carefully, but negative side effects of NSAIDS can be same as rimadyl -- my first dog vomited cups up blood after surgery from ONE rimadyl. In general Rimadyl is no more effective for pain that other NSAIDS, and if they tell you otherwise, they are lying. It may be necessary, but stomach bleeding problems exist for any NSAID) The vets have reluctantly acknowledge the truth of my previous claim. Thankfully Spoon has tolerated the buffered aspirin with no issue at all for a year and a half. Anyway, I was also giving him fish oil and condroitan/glucosamine, and the aspirin, and the CBDs. At the second round of flare up around New Years, I did add back the gaba pentin from the earlier prescription. It wasn't even close enough to manage the pain, so then I added tramadol and that wasn't enough. As of two weeks ago, added codeine. Still unclear if it is enough -- he keeps kind of hurting his leg by jumping around and falling, so pain may not just be from the tumors, but repeated small injuries to the weakened, distressed knee.) I've been thinking about this all as palliative care and only recently considering amputation. I thought, "How could an 11 and a half year old, 100 pound dog recover from hind leg amputation?" It seemed like the other leg would deteriorate with all the weight on the one, but then realized he probably only puts 20 percent of his weight on that leg anyway. It also seems clear some or most of the pain is referred pain, and that his spine may be pretty screwed up from hopping around on one leg, so I figured that pain would stay regardless of leg amputation. Anyway, it's come to my attention Spoon remains extremely robust aside from the leg (and the pain.) When the pain is managed, he is raring to go, alert, attentive, engaged and excited. He always wants to go for walk. Now that they are shorter (after second round of pain, for two weeks, couldn't walk him four blocks. Now it may be a mile or a mile and a half a day). He sometimes can jump on my -- very high -- bed, though I try to keep him from doing this and help him up myself. When getting ready for walks, he still goes nuts and jumps up and down. And when walking and I turn back towards home, he does the passive resistance thing, smelling everything, lagging behind me, making me have to pull him, etc, so even when he is in pain, he WANTS to walk more Even with all the drugs, he is 100% mentally clear. He is never high or stoned or goony from the opiates. Most importantly, he really wants to be here. So it was gut wrenching to almost put him down a number of times because the pain. That's been the weird part of thinking he was dying, given nothing else is wrong at all. Just the pain, even though 'just' her belittles its seriousness. So now I confront the decision. I've been getting him acupuncture in last few weeks (the verdict is still out on that). The vet who does it, who I like (I had to switch from old vet because they are SOOO awful), brought up amputation again without pushing it on me. She said the recovery isn't as bad as I'd expect. I was a little daunted by the price her colleague would do it for -- 1800. Searching online suggested more like 1000. Anyway, I want feedback on giving a 11.5 year old 100 pound dog a rear leg amputation. I am in that stress of uncertainty and indecision. The vet did say -- and she is right -- that he is otherwise super-robust. His musculature -- except the leg -- is insane, super strong, super healthy. People still compliment me, without solicitation, how beautiful he is and are shocked at his age -- even with the limp So should I do it? PS: his health is of course also attributed to excellent food, long walks everyday, loads of affections and lots of mental stimulation. Those things count a lot. Feed them the good stuff! And grain free!
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