Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Written By Darlene Stott
Published: 12/07/2016Updated: 03/22/2021
Veterinary reviewed by Michele K.
Leg Paralysis in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost
What are Leg Paralysis?
Peripheral spinal nerve damage is often the cause of leg paralysis. This can have a spiral effect, causing secondary damage, pain, and loss of nerve connection to the muscles, leading them to wither. Conditions that can affect the nerves and cause paralysis include injuries, infections, muscle or spinal conditions, or severe toxic exposures to certain chemicals. Paralysis can be partial or full, affecting one or all four legs. While some conditions can be remedied through surgery, others may not be able to be treated and will require supportive, lifelong care as the limb will not be functional.
Leg paralysis in dogs occurs when one or more legs lose the ability to function. Often seen as limping or dragging of the limb in dogs, it can point to nerve or muscular damage. This can lead to destruction of the nerve sheaths, tissue decay, joint and muscle damage, or atrophy as the affected dog loses the ability to flex or move that limb.
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Leg Paralysis Average Cost
From 450 quotes ranging from $800 - $10,000
Average Cost
$5,000
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Symptoms of Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Symptoms of leg paralysis in dogs include:
  • Inability to flex joint in affected leg
  • Inability to bear weight on affected leg 
  • Pain
  • Lameness
  • Weakness
  • Abnormal gait
  • Shift in weight
  • Limb dragging
  • Horner’s syndrome, or issues with the eye on the same side as affected limb
Types
  • Front leg paralysis is often caused by damage to the neck and shoulder nerve roots, or in the radial, median or ulnar nerves in the affected leg
  • Hind leg paralysis is associated with nerve root damage in the tailbone or lower back, or in the tibial, femoral, peroneal, or sciatic nerve in the affected leg
Causes of Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Conditions that can cause leg paralysis can include:
  • Neurological condition
  • Musculoskeletal condition
  • Degenerative myelopathy
  • Tumor
  • Viral diseases, including distemper and rabies
  • Fungal diseases
  • Protozoal diseases, such as neosporosis
  • Tick toxicity
  • Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis
  • Injuries and trauma
  • Severe exposure to pesticides and insecticides containing organophosphates
Diagnosis of Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Cases of leg paralysis can offer a myriad of causes, and your veterinarian will take into consideration many factors when coming to a positive diagnosis of this condition. Observations including your dog’s gait and posture, any pain present, conditions of muscles in the affected limb, and spinal reflexes can help to locate the source of injury. Recovery is better the closer the associated nerve damage is to the muscle. Your veterinarian will also look at how well your dog can flex an associated joint, reflexes in other places in the leg, and how well he can bear weight on that limb. Electrical stimulation can be used to see if the nerve is still intact.
Information that can help guide your veterinarian to a correct diagnosis of the cause of the paralysis can include any signs noticed, exposure to pesticides or insecticides, exposure to other animals, exposure to tick ridden areas, and medical history. Other tests that can provide valuable information include CT scans, MRIs, X-rays, myelography, surgical biopsies, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid tests, tissue samples, physical examination, and the visible presence of a tick or skin crater.
Treatment of Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Treatment of leg paralysis is often targeted at the underlying cause. Many joint and muscle issues can be remedied through surgery and supportive care. When the cause is nerve related, recovery will depend on the nerve sheath condition and the distance between the injury and where the nerve ends. While some nerve damage can resolve over many weeks or months, more severe cases can require surgical reattachment. A light bandage is often applied to the affected limb during recovery, and a sling can be added to prevent the leg from dragging. Supplementary care includes giving your dog massages, applying heat and stretching the tendons to keep them healthy while the nerve regenerates. Acupuncture may be prescribed. 
In the case of tumors, surgery might be used for removal. Nerve sheath tumors can affect many nerves at once, and can be more difficult to remove. Recovery for this type of tumor is poor.
Viral diseases have no treatment, and recovery is poor in affected animals. Fungal infections can be difficult to treat, and recovery might be uncertain. Very severe cases of tick toxicity can call for artificial ventilation. Treatment involves tick removal and antibiotics, and recovery is often good. 
With granulomatous meningoencephalo-myelitis, dogs can temporarily improve with drug therapies, but long term recovery is guarded. There are no treatments for degenerative myelopathy, and often supportive care is all that can be done. This is through physical rehabilitation, pressure sore prevention, monitoring for conditions like urinary infections, and creating an increased mobility with harnesses and carts.
In some cases, amputation of the paralyzed leg may be recommended. Many three-legged dogs can live happy and functional lives.
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Recovery of Leg Paralysis in Dogs
The recovery of leg paralysis in your dog will depend entirely on the underlying condition and the state of any damaged nerves involved. While there is a good chance of recovery in many cases with supportive care, surgery and other treatments, there are conditions without treatments available. In cases of a viral infection, prevention through vaccination is the best course to ensure your dog is not affected.
Your veterinarian will create a treatment and recovery plan based on your dog’s specific condition, which may include home supportive care and monitoring. In the case of degenerative myelopathy, efforts will be focused towards creating a better quality of life for your dog during the progression of the disease.
Leg Paralysis Average Cost
From 450 quotes ranging from $800 - $10,000
Average Cost
$5,000
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Leg Paralysis Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
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Jack Russell Terrier
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Todo
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5 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Decreased Leg Stability
Increased Pain
My dog was a victim of hit and run, my mail carrier, 2 yrs ago. My Son found her in the ditch where she was placed by mail carrier. Fortunately, he located her within minutes after incident, in shock with inability to move front lower leg. I drove her immediately to Vet Ofc. After 3 night stay DX Scapula fracture which required half body cast, no weight on injured casted front leg, No walking, running for 2+Months of healing time. Yes, I’m completely attached! Finally, after removal of cast, she walked right away with little resistance. Dr. Wolf advised it’s possible she may not have full recovery in leg do to possible nerve damage. As of recently, Todo has managed successfully with limited range of movement to lower front limb. Todo, noticeably now has pain after minimal exercise. I also have recognized less leg stability. She is by far the most intelligent, loving, social butterfly pet I’ve ever owned. Due to my recent Dx of rare blood disorder, we both have endured lack of exercise and have gained a couple of pounds. She is the best companion ever. She is my world. I’m concerned if this weakness, pain continues so will her ability to walk. Is there anything out there I can possibly do to strengthen this nerve damaged leg? Stem cell transplant? Anything? I would give her one of mine if I could. Her diet and joint support supplements are up to par. Todo is 5 1/2 yrs old and currently weighs 22lbs.
Sept. 23, 2018
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Mutt
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Ajax
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12 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Right, Back Leg Weakness
Hi, My dog Ajax, approx 12 years old, has been having posterior, right leg weakness for the last several months that I believe is progressing. I first started noticing it when walking her as I would intermittently hear a dragging/scratching noise on the concrete and then noticed that the nails on that foot were short from being filed on the ground. I mentioned it to my vet who saw that when you flex her paw down she will stand on the anterior surface of her paw and not reflex to place the foot in the correct, foot pad, side down. It seems the weakness starts at the hip when you do passive range of motion on her back leg. Recently I have noticed the foot turning more inward when walking so it appears more prominent then before. I do not recall there being a time of trauma or injury. She does not seem to be in pain. She still climbs the stairs and jumps onto the couch without hesitation, though a bit slower. My vet wanted to refer me to a neurologist without having done much of a physical exam or any tests. This seemed a bit unnecessary. Trying to decide what to do next, especially since she doesn't seem bothered by it. Could this just be a sign of old age? I recognize that this could be a non-age related cause of nerve damage, to include oncologic issues, but with a seemingly slow progression, would intervention even be the best step at this time (I know I'm jumping the gun on that, but I'm not sure if I am interested in pursuing surgical/other major treatments if she is otherwise not bothered by it)? Thank you, Michelle
Aug. 26, 2018
0 Recommendations
In cases like this, I would recommend consulting a Neurologist even if it is just to narrow in on a specific cause; there are various causes for proprioceptive defects in dogs and many include spinal issues, nerve damage, neurological issues among other causes. If there is a progression with the paw turning out in addition to not correcting the paw when turned you should at least get a diagnosis, even if you’re not wanting to go forward with treatment. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 27, 2018
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Pit bull
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Coco
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11 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Shaking
Front Leg Paralysis
every once and awhile my pitbull/lab will start crawling around on her front legs and starts shaking uncontrollably. it usually last a day or two .. what could be causing this?
Aug. 17, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
0 Recommendations
Without seeing Coco, I don't know why she might be doing this, but it could be a muscle problem, nerve problem, or pain from something like arthritis. Since this seems to be a regular occurrence, it would be best to have her examined by a veterinarian to see what might be the cause and what the best course of treatment may be for her.
Aug. 18, 2018
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crossbread
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Cracker
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15 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Unable To Walk, Lethagic, Twitching
My 15 year old dog has possible nerve damage. this has been going on for over a year. He has been walking very slowly but his rear legs are very weak and sometimes cross over. The last few days the front legs have given way also. The vet said it is his age and there isn't much that can be done now. He prescribed Carprofem 50mg half tablet once a day and Gabapengtin caps mg 2 capsules twice a day. He is very lethagic now and I'm not sure if I should stop the tablets. The vet said it is unlikely he is in pain as the nerves have worn out. He is doubly incontinent and I am having to manage that with incontinence sheets. Please advise. I am unsure if it it humane to carry on like this? He is eating and drinking
Aug. 15, 2018
0 Recommendations
It is important for you to take a serious look at Cracker’s quality of life, I know this isn’t an easy decision but you need to make a choice which is in Cracker’s best interest; this isn’t a decision I can make for you. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM
Aug. 16, 2018
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Pomeranian
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Sophie
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4 Months
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Paralysis
We just adopted a 4 month old puppy from rescue. Have been told she was normal at birth and in early weeks but around 10 weeks old (after a rabies vaccine) she had sudden onset of rear leg paralysis. Both legs are rigid at the knee area (unable to manipulate at all). She has taught herself to use her hips to stand and is able to “walk” (similar to what a dog would do in a cast or splint). X-Rays have been no help although one vet suspected erosion of ligaments but felt an MRI was needed (estimate $3000). She has feeling in toes and use of her tail. First visit to acupuncturist elicited no response, second visit had tiny (although not appropriate) response. Not sure where to go from here. Any suggestions greatly appreciated. Have video of her and copies of X-rays if needed.
Aug. 8, 2018
0 Recommendations
I’m guessing that Neosporosis has been ruled out. Without examining Sophie myself, it is difficult to start to narrow in on a possible cause; if you have x-rays and a video it may be worth consulting an Orthopaedic Specialist (see link below) for a specialist opinion. Neurological conditions, poisoning, parasites among other causes may lead to these symptoms. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM www.vet-ct.com/us/
Aug. 8, 2018
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chihuahua mix
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Roxy
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10 Years
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My pet has the following symptoms:
Shaking
Muscle Atrophy
Hind Legs Stiff,
Back in October 2018, my dog began throwing up and pooping blood for no apparent cause. We took her to the emergency vet but could not afford overnight treatment. We got medication for gastrointestinal issues, and she stopped, but her muscle mass was shrinking and he had a hard time walking. All of her joints would swell. Another doctor visit later and we were given new medication, helping her front paws, but not her back. She still has difficulty walking, and the back knees look swollen. She can't move them very well and she can't bend them, they tremble often. She is walking mainly on her front paws, but doesn't seem to be in pain. She barks at everything as she always has and shakes fine when sitting, rotating herself a little bit.
Leg Paralysis Average Cost
From 450 quotes ranging from $800 - $10,000
Average Cost
$5,000
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