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Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
What is Carpal Hyperextension?
For many owners, the first symptom noticed is an unusual gait or refusal to weight bear on a forelimb. As further trauma can cause complications it is vital you contact your veterinarian if you suspect your pet may be suffering from this condition. The prognosis without treatment is poor, however for pets who receive surgery there is a good chance of full limb function recovery.
Carpal hyperextension is caused by excessive force on the carpus, leading to the tearing of the ligaments and fibrocartilage and collapse of the carpal joint. This can be caused by sudden trauma such as falls or injury during exercise or chronic conditions such as abnormal posture while weight-bearing.
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Symptoms of Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
The symptoms will vary but may include:
- Pain and swelling on the forelimb
- Abnormal, hyperextending stance and gait
- Crying or pain vocalisation
- Increased distal limb extension
- Joint instability
Causes of Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
- Acute traumatic - Caused by excessive force on the carpus, leading to the tearing of the ligaments and fibrocartilage and collapse of the carpal joint; this is common following a fall and injuries while working or exercising
- Inflammatory polyarthropathy - Arthritis that causes the immune system to activate an inflammatory response in the joints causing swelling, pain and joint laxity
- Degenerative - This form is common in some Collie breeds and often causes spontaneous, bilateral carpal joint hyperextension
Diagnosis of Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
Your veterinarian will perform a full clinical examination on your pet and watch your pet’s gait to assess weight bearing and source of pain. It is likely that your veterinarian will perform radiographs on your pet under sedation. In order to visualise the carpus and assess it for hyperextension a series of radiographs will be performed to demonstrate weight bearing positions. This will allow visualisation of the ligaments and damage.
Treatment of Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
The best treatment for your pet will depend on the underlying cause of the carpal hyperextension.
Conservative Care
If your pet is suffering from developmental hyperextension or a low-grade sprain he may be able to utilise rest and exercise restriction. Your veterinarian will provide a supportive splint for your pet and may recommend physiotherapy and hydrotherapy.
Surgery
If your pet is suffering from a fracture he will require orthopedic surgery in order to stabilise the fracture. In some cases, a partial carpus fusion is required, where the middle and carpometacarpal joints are fused together to reduce movement without the antebrachial joint. In cases of severe injuries and degenerative hyperextension a procedure called pan-carpal arthrodesis may be required. This immobilizes the carpal joint by fusing all three of these joints together using internal fixation. Your veterinarian will be able to discuss this procedure with you when viewing your pet’s radiographs.
A general anesthetic will be required for this procedure, although there are risks involved with anesthesia a qualified veterinary nurse will carefully monitor your pet’s vital signs throughout the surgery. In order to reduce the anesthesia agent needed, and therefore reduce the risk of respiratory and cardiac depression, a brachial plexus nerve block may be given to your pet prior to the surgery.
Post-operative recovery
To provide pain relief following the surgery a non steroidal anti-inflammatory will be given to your pet. Your pet will be placed in a warm, dark area to recover from the surgery and offered food once he is alert. To support the limb, a Robert Jones dressing will be applied until the swelling reduces.
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Recovery of Carpal Hyperextension in Dogs
Provide your pet with a warm, enclosed area to recover in. Although your companion may have a reduced appetite, ensure food is offered. It is important during this healing period that your pet is given excellent nutrition; high fat foods such as anchovies provide palatability while protein, which has a restorative effect on damaged muscle and connective tissue, promotes healing.
The prognosis following surgery is good with 74% of patients regaining full limb function within 4 months. Your pet will be discharged with a coaptation cast that will be required for 6-8 weeks, it is important that this is kept clean and dry, as infection is one of the known complications of this procedure.
One of the main causes of surgery failure is unprotected weight bearing. With this in mind, you may need to restrict your pet’s activity during this time; ensure movement restrictions are discussed with your veterinarian and a clear plan is in place.
Following the surgery, radiographs will be taken at 6 - 8 weeks to assess the the procedure and visualise the fusion of the joint. If the surgery was successful implant removal at 12 -16 weeks may be recommended.
Carpal Hyperextension Average Cost
From 493 quotes ranging from $500 - $3,000
Average Cost
$1,500
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Carpal Hyperextension Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
German Shepherd
Oreo
13 Years
9 found this helpful
9 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Foot Infections
I noticed last night that my almost 13 year-old German Shephard/Dalmation mix has a paw that sits almost flat on the ground. About three years ago she slipped on the ice and sprained that joint/area and was treated for about a year off/on by our vet until they said "she will likely favor it the rest of her life". She has not had any problems walking or exhibited any signs of pain. However, it shocked me when I noticed it. I called and explained everything to the vet tech who relayed it to our vet between appointments. When they called back it was basically "given her age she would not be a good candidate for surgery, unless she is having an issue walking I would not advise a car ride" (NOTE: she does not like car rides). Aside from restricting her stair use is there any advise you can give or things I can do?
Aug. 22, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
9 Recommendations
There aren't any things that you can do for this problem other than manage her life, really. She may need pain medications, and your veterinarian can advise you on that. If she seems comfortable, it may not be a problem that affects her, and she may be fine to live with that. For now, monitoring her to see what her comfort level is would be best.
Aug. 22, 2018
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Chow Chow
Bubu
11 Months
4 found this helpful
4 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Limping And Biting His Leg
Hello, my dog seemingly has hock hyperextension. He has it on both legs, however the left one is more severe than the right. He limps, and rarely does not let his left leg touch the ground. Our vet told us to use a special hock bandage that would have fixed the problem, and we also did physiotherapy. However both legs have been getting worse. He still runs and jumps, but not as active as he was before. He bites the hock joint a lot. What do you recommend us to do? thank you.
Aug. 6, 2018
Answered by Dr. Michele K. DVM
4 Recommendations
If Bubu isn't getting better, you may want to see an orthopedic specialist to see what can be done for his condition. It sounds like it is affecting his life, and he is a very young dog. There are often solutions if things are treated early. Your veterinarian can refer you to a specialist.
Aug. 6, 2018
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Carpal Hyperextension Average Cost
From 493 quotes ranging from $500 - $3,000
Average Cost
$1,500
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Easily compare quotes from the most trusted pet insurance companies in the United States.
