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- Anemia Related to the Immune System in Dogs
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- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Poor Appetite
- Weight Loss
- Lethargy
- Lack of stamina
- Weakness
- Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Paleness of mucus membranes, especially notable around the gums
- Blood in the stool
- Jaundiced, yellowish appearance
- Dark urine
- Regenerative anemia – an anemic condition in which the bone marrow continues to generate new red blood cells. Almost all cases of IMHA fall into this category since the bone marrow is not involved and will still produce new cells.
- Non-regenerative anemia – conditions in which the bone marrow fails to generate new red blood cells. Occasionally, a very severe autoimmune response can target the blood stem cells in the bone marrow and lead to non-regenerative IMHA.
- Primary – the autoimmune response develops on its own with no obvious trigger.
- Secondary – the autoimmune response develops secondary to another factor.
- Idiopathic – 60-75% of the cases of IMHA in dogs fall into this category
- Hereditary – this is believed to play a role, but it’s not known specifically what gene or genes are responsible. These breeds have shown a higher incidence, but IMHA could develop in any dog.
- Cocker Spaniels (higher prevalence in most studies)
- Miniature schnauzers
- Poodles, Irish Settlers
- Old English Sheepdogs
- Female dogs more likely to develop the problem
- Cancer tumors (especially hemangiosarcoma, a tumor of the spleen)
- Some drugs (including types of penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfa, and methimazole)
- Infections (including mycoplasmosis and babesiosis)
- Vaccinations
- Bee sting venom
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