How to Train Your Dog to Mush
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Introduction
Most of us tend to think of the term "mush" as a command used by sled team drivers way up north where sled dogs are often the only form of transportation. There are two myths in this sentence, first sled dogs are no longer the main form of transportation in many such places, "mushing" is more of a sport than a necessary form of transportation. Second, perhaps the only person to ever actually use this term to urge his team on was Yukon Cornelius in the movie, 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer'.
If you have a dog that is bred to pull such as a Siberian husky, Alaskan Malamute, Canadian Eskimo dog, Samoyed, or Chinook, you already have a head start. But, many other breeds can be taught to mush, it's a great way for your pup to burn off all that extra energy. You can teach your pup to mush, all it takes is hard work and time. One quick word, your pup should weigh at least 30 pounds and a medium-sized breed or larger.
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Defining Tasks
Recreational mushing or dog sledding is just as safe any virtually any other dog sport. This is providing you take your time to train your pup properly. It is the perfect time to let your pup take the lead while you get to celebrate his athletic ability and be encouraging in a very positive way. You start out by teaching your pup to wear his harness and to pull alone. You can always work on putting a pulling team together at a later date.
You should be aware before you start, that buying a complete pulling harness and sled rig can be quite expensive to buy new. If you have one, check with your local dog sled pulling club and you may find that someone has some used gear you can buy or borrow. You will also find the members are full of sage advice to help you get started.
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Getting Started
Before you can start training your pup to mush, he needs to get used to wearing his new harness. Be sure to adjust it to fit him properly from day one. Let him wear it around the house and yard, starting with short time periods and moving up to where he is comfortable in it for long periods of time. Your pup needs to have mastered the four basic commands of 'come', 'sit', 'stay', and 'down'. You will also be teaching him a number of new commands including;
- Hike: Start moving forward (you can use 'mush', though, if you feel so inclined).
- Line out: signals your pup to take up the slack in the tow line standing at the end of the line.
- Gee: Turn to the right.
- Haw: Turn to the left.
- On by: Go past an object without slowing down.
- Easy: Slow down, often used just before stopping.
- Whoa: Simply put, this means 'stop'.
There are also a few things you will need to complete the training:
- Treats: For rewards.
- Pulling harness: Go for fit and quality, then worry about price . Go for used if you can.
- Tow rope: To connect to the sled.
- Waist belt: For training purposes.
- A sled or cart: For training purposes.
- Time and patience: You can never have enough of these.
The most important thing to remember is that even with pulling breeds, training your pup to successfully pull a sled is going to take time and patience. But, imagine the fun the two of you can have as your pup pulls you, the groceries, or the kids around with a big happy smile on his face.
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The Start Small Method
Most Recommended
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Hitch him up
Once your dog is used to his harness, hook him up to something small like a length of board or a small car tire. Give him time to get used to the idea of being hitched up and then put him on his leash.
Small steps
Lead your pup off on a walk using the command 'line out' as you encourage your pup to stand up and get ready to go. Use a treat to lure him into this position and when he assumes it, let him have the treat and plenty of praise.
Take off
Using the command 'hike', or if you must 'mush',. Start walking beside your pup, encourage your pup to start walking and pulling on the "sled". It might be slow at first, but you can use your words and a few treats to get him started.
Switch to the sled
Once he seems comfortable pulling the small object, switch over to a small sled or cart that you can slowly add a load to and work your way up in a straight line. Be sure to use 'easy' to slow your pup down (you can pull back on his leash) to emphasize what you expect him to. Call out "whoa" and bring him to a stop. Repeat this for several days until he takes off and stops on command.
Add turns to the mix
Now, leading your pup on his leash, call out the commands, 'line out' and 'hike' to get him moving. This time, instead of going in a straight line, you are going to call out "Gee" and pull your dog into a right turn. Practice this until he will turn right on command. Use lots of treats as rewards. Follow this with training him that "Haw" means he needs to turn to the left.
Work up to a sled
By now your pup should be thoroughly excited about pulling and ready to move up to pulling a sled or cart that is suitable to his size and ability. The rest is repetition, in the summer you can still train using a cart instead of a sled.
The You First Method
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Effective
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Your training comes first
Expert dog sledders recommend you spend time working with someone who already knows how to run a sled dog team. This will give you time to gain a better understanding of how to train and control your dog. It will also give you time to master the various commands. Consider it time well spent.
Create that bond
Take the time to form a strong bond with your pup. Let him go everywhere with you, be the one that feeds him, and make sure your pup has mastered the basic commands before you start working on sled training.
Harness time
Start letting your pup run around in his pulling harness, this will give him time to get used to it. Do this for several weeks. You want to get to the point at which he is comfortable in it and wonders what it's for rather than worrying about the fact he is wearing it.
Low weights first
Starting out with a lightweight sled or cart, hitch your pup to the tow rope and let him get used to being connected to it.
Starting off
Now your pup has had some time to get used to being hitched to the weight. Use a treat to get your pup on his feet and gently applying pressure to the tow rope without moving the sled or cart. Use the command 'line out' while working with him. Each time he does exactly what is expected of him, give him the treat and praise him.
Mush time
Using the 'hike' or 'mush' command, have your dog start pulling on the sled. Start out slow with a light load to get him used to pulling. Use the 'easy' and 'whoa' commands to bring the combination to a halt. After every successful training run, be sure to treat and praise. The rest is all about practice and introducing the rest of the commands, including 'gee', 'haw', and 'on by' until your pup is happily pulling his heart out with a look of sheer joy on his face. Be patient, it can take months to fully train your dog.
The Over Time Method
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Fit the harness
Put your dog in his harness and attach him to the cart or sled. Give him time to get used to the idea of being hooked to the sled via a tow rope. Some breeds are natural born "pullers" and may instinctively start to pull. While this is great, you still need to work with your dog to teach him how to pull correctly.
Go for a walk
With nothing but the empty cart or sled, give your dog the 'hike' command and, using his leash, take off for a walk at a slow pace. Continue doing this for several weeks, walking in a straight line over a short run at first, slowly increasing the distance. When the time comes to stop, use the 'easy' command to start slowing down. Then use the 'whoa' command and bring him to a halt. Use treats as rewards and take your time, this is the most important part of the entire training as he must master these basic commands.
Longer and heavier
Start adding more weight to the sled and stretching out the walks. Spread this out over several weeks until your pup can pull the sled with you or the right amount of weight in it.
Cornering
Time to teach cornering. Use 'gee' for right turns and 'haw' for left turns. Use the leash as you are walking along to pull your pup's head to the right giving him the 'gee' command while doing so. Practice this until he will start going to the right using a verbal command only. Repeat this using 'haw' for left-hand turns.
Practice and reward
The rest is all about spending months regularly working with your pup while he masters these skills. Be free with praise and treats and never punish your pup for getting things wrong. He will figure it all out soon enough.
Written by PB Getz
Veterinary reviewed by:
Published: 11/24/2017, edited: 01/08/2021
Training Questions and Answers
Kay
Siberian long hair husky
1 Year
Question
0 found this helpful
0 found this helpful
I Have Kay, she is nearly 1 year's old. I am interested in training a dog team to 'mush' but I have no idea how to start. Im going to breed kay and was thinking about using her first litter to train. Does it matter if they are all related in the sled dog team? At what age should I start training her pups?
Oct. 10, 2021
Kay's Owner
Caitlin Crittenden - Dog Trainer
1128 Dog owners recommended
Hello Jessica, Generally the dogs being related shouldn't be an issue as long as all dogs have the aptitude for the training and work. Some dogs may be less active or interested, so I suspect, depending on the size of the litter that some pups might be better suited for other jobs or pet homes, and you could keep the ones who show promise for it. If the instincts for such work are strong in mom and dad it could be all the pups will have aptitude for the work though. I would wait until at least one year when growth plates have closed to train with a lot of weight being pulled behind them. Many dogs are started around nine months of age, but speak with your vet about how pups are growing, and I would keep the training light while things are still growing and forming. You can start getting puppies used to commands, the feeling of a harnesses, dragging very light things behind them, socialization, learning to love touch and handling, and other early pre-sledding skills that pup will need to be great sleddogs later, very early. Things like handling can begin very small, called neonatal handling. Basic commands can be started around eight weeks - but they can also be taught later too. Socialization should start early, at eight weeks going on trips outside of the home (you can carry pup places when there could be other dogs around, and choose only safe locations to be careful for pup to be on the ground to help protect against parvo and distemper exposure until vaccinated), and being socialized all along with things in your home. Best of luck training, Caitlin Crittenden
Oct. 11, 2021
Frodo
Siberian Husky
2 Years
Question
1 found this helpful
1 found this helpful
What age do you recommend starting to train your dog? I’m think about getting another husky but for my current husky, how much pulling/training time do you think would be healthy? How many times a day or week? We currently have started mushing but she has only been three times and she’s doing great but she gets tied after a mile.
Jan. 4, 2019
Frodo's Owner
Caitlin Crittenden - Dog Trainer
1128 Dog owners recommended
Hello Ashley, You can start training as early as ten weeks but with dogs younger than one year I suggest only working on the turns and commands, using something light weight and easy for them to pull, and not adding any extra weights to it until after a year. Puppies growth plates are still closing and bones forming during the first year so you don't want to over exert their bodies, but their minds can start learning basic training concepts like turns very, very young. For your current dog you have to consider her mental edurance and physical endurance. The more you practice overtime, the better both types of endurance should get. There is not a set amount of time. It's best to guage her own endurance and quite when she seems to be loosing focus or to be getting tired. It sounds like a mile is her limit right now. Some days it may be less and some days more. As she gets better and seems less tired toward the end, you can slowly increase the distance overtime. Base it off of her and how she seems to be doing though. I suggest practicing every other day. You can practice just a couple of times a week and probably still maintain the muscle she's building, but giving her a day off between training should give her muscles a chance to build and heal after being worked out. You can practice less frequently too to simply work on teaching her the turns but if you want to increase her physical endurance, two to four times a week should help her with that. Best of luck training, Caitlin Crittenden
Jan. 5, 2019