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So you have a herding dog, like a Collie or Blue Heeler, and your neighbor down the road has a herd of prize-winning Angus cattle. It's spring, the field is icy, the cows are very pregnant with expected calves, and your herding dog thinks it would be good entertainment to go for a visit and chase the herd of cows around. Big problem! Frightened cows trying to get away from an aggressive herding dog could slip on the ice, and a pregnant cow could lose her calf from a fall.
Most farmers will not tolerate this with their valuable livestock at risk, nor should they. Dogs must learn not to herd livestock when they are not supposed to, or they are at risk of being destroyed by producers protecting their livestock! So if you have a herding dog, you will need to make sure he does not try to herd other people's livestock, or your own, when he is not required or directed to do so.
While herding dogs have been bred for generations to want to herd livestock naturally, and this is a great talent that can be harnessed and very useful to farmers, a dog that herds when it is not supposed to is a danger to livestock and himself. Not only can frightened livestock be injured if they fall or are chased through an obstacle or across rough terrain, but the dog is in danger of being destroyed as a nuisance animal or injured by large livestock trying to protect themselves. Herding dogs that are not exposed to livestock may try to herd small animals or children or even adults! Ironically, teaching your dog to herd on command and giving them an outlet for such behavior may be a good way of controlling it, by teaching the dog that they only herd when directed. Other methods of controlling instinctive herding involve teaching your dog a different association and behavior with livestock, such as the 'leave it' command or an alternative behavior so that a dog exposed to livestock, small animals, or children ignores them, backs away, or performs other behavior to receive reinforcement.
You will need lots of treats to teach 'leave it', and alternative behaviors to dogs that are motivated to herd. You will need to contain your dog during training to ensure they do not inadvertently try to run livestock. which is a self-rewarding behavior and will make the habit harder to break. Training to put herding on command is another alternative strategy that will require exposure to livestock, such as sheep that can be herded. Both will take a significant time investment and involve controlling your dog to prevent unsupervised herding, which could result in injury to your dog or to livestock.
The Leave It Method
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Present treat
Hold a treat in your hand and present it to your dog. When he reaches for the treat, close your hand and say "leave it."
Reinforce 'leave it'
Your dog will continue to investigate your hand. When he stops, provide him with an alternate treat of higher value or play time. Repeat.
Increase temptation
Start leaving treats around the house and yard. Command your dog to 'leave it'. If he leaves treats, reward with higher value treat.
Expose to targets
Introduce your dog to livestock or small animals that he wants to herd, like other pets or chickens. When your dog approaches them to herd, command him to 'leave it'.
Establish 'leave it'
If your dog leaves off herding, reward, if your dog proceeds to herd, recall, reprimand, and repeat the 'leave it' command. Reinforce 'leave it' until your dog responds appropriately.
The Train to Herd Method
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Teach herding commands
Teach your dog herding commands like 'come bye', 'away to me', 'stop', 'back', etc. using a ball or toy.
Introduce livestock
Introduce your dog to small livestock such as sheep or chickens.
Apply commands
Use commands to direct your dog to gather livestock and direct them. Work on teaching 'back' and 'stop' commands.
Restrict herding
Practice often. Exercise your dog daily when not herding so that excess energy is burned off. Keep your dog contained when not herding on command.
Associate herding with direction only
Dogs that are trained to herd on command will learn not to herd when not being directed, as they come to associate herding with directed work and handlers being present and establish leaving off of livestock when not being directed.
The Alternate Behavior Method
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Watch
Observe your dog around the object of his herding behavior, children, pets, livestock, etc.
Get attention
When you see your dog make eye contact and lower his stance into a herding posture, call or distract him with a noise.
Direct alternate behavior
Provide the command for an alternate behavior such as 'sit-stay', 'look at me', or even a trick, like 'roll over' or 'beg'.
Reward
When your dog performs the behavior, give him a high value reward such as meat, or play time with favorite toy.
Establish association
Repeat until the alternative behavior is established when your dog is exposed to the object of his herding focus.
Written by Laurie Haggart
Veterinary reviewed by:
Published: 11/30/2017, edited: 01/08/2021
Training Questions and Answers
High drive stock dog Difficulty getting him to leave cats Livestock I can distract and redirect but the cat especially our indoor cat he’s locked in
July 1, 2022
Creed's Owner
Caitlin Crittenden - Dog Trainer
1128 Dog owners recommended
Hello Todd, Check out the videos I have linked below. Since pup is a puppy I would only work on impulse control for now, using the Mild and moderate cat issue videos. I would also crate or confine pup in a room away from the cat when you are away, at least for the first few months until you are confident how they are together at all times. Mild cat issue - teaching impulse control: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWF2Ohik8iM Moderate cat issue - teaching impulse control using corrections and rewards: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dPIC3Jtn0E Work on impulse control in general with pup, by teaching things that increase impulse control and calmness - such as a long, Place command around lots of distractions. Practicing the command until you get to the point where pup will stay on Place while you are working with the cat in the same room. I would also recommend back tying pup while they are on place - connecting a long leash attached to pup to something near the Place just in case pup were to try to get off Place before you could intervene. This keeps kitty safe while practicing and reinforces to pup that they can't get off the Place. The leash should be long enough that pup doesn't feel the leash while they are obediently staying on the Place because it has some slack in the leash. Place: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omg5DVPWIWo Below are some other commands in general you can practice to help pup develop better impulse skill/self-control - impulse control takes practice for a dog to gain the ability to control herself. Heel article - The turns method: https://wagwalking.com/training/train-a-poodle-to-heel Down-Stay: https://www.thelabradorsite.com/train-your-labrador-to-lie-down-and-stay/ Leave It: https://wagwalking.com/training/train-a-shih-tzu-puppy-to-not-bite Out - which means leave the room: https://www.petful.com/behaviors/how-to-teach-a-dog-the-out-command/ Additional resources if needed: https://www.youtube.com/c/JamiePenrithDogTraining/search?query=cat Best of luck training, Caitlin Crittenden
July 1, 2022
I am an owner of both 3 year old Blu Heeler (Penny) and the new addition 14 week old Red Heeler (Junie). They both get along good for the most part except when either/or starts to play with the other it begins to get very aggressive to the point where I have to separate them. Almost like both are herding one another. Penny stops when I command but the puppy continues to get more aggressive. Any tips?
June 13, 2022
Junie's Owner
Caitlin Crittenden - Dog Trainer
1128 Dog owners recommended
Hello Renee, I would work on teaching Leave It and Out to both while the are home, and make a rule of them not playing together unless its a structured activity, where arousal will be lower, like going on a hike together, taking turns fetching, where the second dog practices sit stay while the other fetches then they switch - to avoid the competing. Some dogs go from arousal to aggression when playing and they generally need activities that are calmer to avoid developing true aggression. At this point with the adult dog, I would simply create boundaries where interactions are calmer since they are past certain socialization phases. Once the puppy is older, has learned social skills, and is calmer, they might be able to play better. For the puppy, I would look for a puppy class or puppy play group that has time for moderated off-leash play with other puppies. Puppies tend to learn self-control best from moderated play with other puppies. They learn that other puppies will stop playing if the bite is too hard, they don't take turns chasing or being chased or being on top versus bottom while wrestling and how to give breaks. https://www.petful.com/behaviors/puppy-classes-when-to-start/ Puppies tend to be the best teachers for bite inhibition and doggie social skills, since puppies interact with each other differently than an adult dog would interact with a puppy. Best of luck training, Caitlin Crittenden
June 14, 2022
I got my pup at 7 weekd old and he did ok at first at not wanting to herd or bother the farm animals, goats and chickens. But then he learned he could herd them and I can't get him to stop unless he's leashed. So I need to teach him basically how to leave them alone.
Jan. 11, 2021
Samson's Owner
Caitlin Crittenden - Dog Trainer
1128 Dog owners recommended
Hello Ariana, Because pup is a herding breed the behavior is likely instinctual, meaning that they will probably never stop wanting to herd the animals and feel that drive. Because of this you will need to teach a strong avoidance of the animals altogether, or work on training the herding behavior so that pup is still given a herding outlet but will respond to your direction around the animals. If you wish to work on managing the behavior through herding training, I recommend looking for a local club or training group in your area to help you get started. If you want to teach pup to avoid the animals entirely that will mean that pup won't be able to be used for herding purposes later, so keep that in mind in your decision. Check out James Penrith from taketheleaddogtraining on youtube. He works with livestock chasing and killing dogs to teach off leash obedience and avoiding livestock. Day 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgNbWCK9lFc Day 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpf5Bn-MNko&t=14s Day 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj3nMvvHhwQ Day 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxrGQ-AZylY Mild cat issue - teaching impulse control: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWF2Ohik8iM Moderate cat issue - teaching impulse control using corrections and rewards: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dPIC3Jtn0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buaZctWLWR0 Come: https://www.petful.com/behaviors/train-dog-to-come-when-called/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtJxSXu4rfs&t=909s While pup is still in training, in order for the training to be effective pup will need to be kept on leash so they can't practice chasing the animals when you can't enforce rules. Best of luck training, Caitlin Crittenden
Jan. 13, 2021