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Intestinal Cancer in Cats
Written By hannah hollinger
Published: 10/03/2016Updated: 01/14/2022
Veterinary reviewed by Michele K.
What is Intestinal Cancer?
Intestinal cancer is a term used to describe abnormal cell growth or tumors occurring in the gastrointestinal system. This growth can be benign or malignant. Malignant growths are considered cancerous and can cause severe issues, potentially spreading to other systems or vital organs. Benign tumors can still cause issues in the intestinal tract, including blockage, and may require removal. Intestinal cancer in cats and other companion animals is most common in the small intestine but can affect the duodenum, stomach, large intestine, colon, or rectum. Without early detection and proper treatment, the prognosis for a cat with intestinal cancer is poor, and the condition can be fatal. If symptoms are observed, seek medical attention immediately.
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Symptoms of Intestinal Cancer in Cats
The symptoms of intestinal cancer in cats are very similar to other gastrointestinal issues. This can make diagnosis difficult. The most common symptoms are vomiting and abnormal stool, but viruses, parasites, bacterial infections, and exposure to toxins can cause these symptoms as well. As tumors grow or the cancer spreads, symptoms become more evident. Tumor growth that results in a rupture of the intestinal wall can cause internal bleeding, which can be seen in the animal’s vomit or stool.
Symptoms Include:
- Vomiting
- Dark or black colored feces
- Abnormal stomach sounds
- Abdominal mass or swelling
- Pale gums and mucous membranes
- Internal bleeding
- Death
Types
Several types of cancer can affect the gastrointestinal tract. The most common intestinal cancer found in cats is lymphoma. It is also possible for cancers found in any part of the body to spread, including to the intestines. Some of the more common types of intestinal cancer than occur in cats and other companion animals include:
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
- Hemangiosarcoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Lymphoma
- Plasma cell tumors
Causes of Intestinal Cancer in Cats
Tumors are caused by abnormal cell growth. The body naturally produces new cells in the gastrointestinal system, but when these cells mutate and refuse to stop production, it results in cancer. The exact cause of intestinal cancer in cats is not known. Studies suggest that environmental factors could be a possible cause, but no definitive information is available. Risk factors for intestinal cancer in cats include age, infection with feline immunodeficiency virus, and infection with feline leukemia virus. Males are slightly more likely to develop intestinal cancer as are some breeds, like Siamese.
Diagnosis of Intestinal Cancer in Cats
The similarity of intestinal cancer symptoms with those of other conditions can make diagnosis difficult. Your veterinarian will rely on a differential diagnosis, which is a process that involves ruling out conditions until the issue can be identified. Be prepared to discuss your cat’s complete medical history, the symptoms you have observed, and the timeframes associated with those symptoms. A physical examination will allow veterinary staff to look for observable clues that might help rule out or identify the underlying cause of their condition. If your pet has intestinal cancer, an abdominal mass may be identified during the physical examination. An identified mass can suggest inflammation, cancer, or parasitic infection. Veterinary staff will also draw blood and complete a full blood panel. This can help identify infections, elevated white blood cell counts, and may rule out some conditions.
If cancer or other conditions are suspected, x-rays or other imaging techniques will be used to determine which organs are affected and look for signs of tumors or other issues. Intestinal cancer is usually observable on an x-ray or ultrasound. Imaging methods can also aid in biopsy procedures, determine the extent of the cancer, and monitor its spread. If a tumor is observed, a tissue biopsy will help veterinary staff determine if the condition is benign or malignant. In harder to reach tumors, your veterinarian may need to aspirate or remove cells from the mass with a large needle. Analysis of the biopsied material will provide your veterinarian with the information they need to properly diagnose your pet.
Treatment of Intestinal Cancer in Cats
The treatment method used when intestinal cancer is diagnosed will vary depending on the cancer’s location, severity, and staging. In some cases, treatment may not be possible, especially if cancer has spread to other systems in the body or is affecting one or more major organs. If treatment is a viable option, the methods used will target removal or reduction of the tumor. These treatments may be used in conjunction with methods designed to treat symptoms. Common treatments for intestinal cancer include:
Surgical Removal
The most effective method of treatment involves surgically removing the tumor or tumors and repairing the damage it may have caused in the gastrointestinal tract. Although surgery can be a risky treatment option, it is the best method to remove the cancerous cells. Surgical intervention will require hospitalization. Your pet will be placed under anesthesia for the procedure and will be carefully monitored by veterinary staff.
Chemotherapy
If surgery is not an option, chemotherapy treatments may be used to shrink the size of the tumor. This treatment method has had some success in cats and other companion animals. In some cases, chemotherapy may be used in conjunction with surgery. This generally occurs when it is difficult to remove all of the cancerous cells using surgical methods. Chemotherapy can weaken the immune system and have a negative impact on your pet’s overall health, making the treatment somewhat risky.
NSAID Pain Relievers
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs may be prescribed to reduce fever, pain, and inflammation. In some cases, NSAIDs have been shown to aid in shrinking tumors as well. This treatment is fairly low risk, but proper dosing for the animal’s size is needed to reduce the risk of side effects.
Antibiotics
In cases which a tumor or cancerous growth has ruptured the intestinal wall or is causing tissue death, antibiotics may be prescribed. This type of medication is used to fight and prevent bacterial infections. This treatment method has a low risk of side effects, but will not directly target the cancer. It is prescribed if infection is a concern.
Antihistamines
Some tumors, like mast cell tumors, can release histamine in the body and cause a severe allergic reaction. Antihistamine drugs can help prevent the physical reaction and reduce discomfort associated with histamine release. This low-risk treatment does not target cancerous cells and is only used to treat symptoms.
Intravenous (IV) Fluids
To combat dehydration and lethargy, fluid therapy may be recommended. This symptomatic treatment is generally provided inpatient and for a shorter period of time. IV fluids are commonly used for many procedures, including surgery. There is a very low risk associated with using fluid therapy.
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Recovery of Intestinal Cancer in Cats
The prognosis for a cat with intestinal cancer can vary from poor to good. This depends on the location, severity, and stage of the cancer. In cases which all cancerous cells can be surgically removed, there is generally a better chance of recovery. If your cat is able to return to your home, ensure it receives a healthy diet. Proper nutrition may aid in healing. A special diet may also be needed while the cat recovers from intestinal surgery. Generally, soft foods are recommended. Follow all of your veterinarian’s instructions, including proper dosing of medication and returning for any recommended follow-up visits.
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Intestinal Cancer Average Cost
From 496 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $8,000
Average Cost
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Intestinal Cancer Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals
norwegian forest cat
Seven Years
0 found this helpful
0 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Blood In Stool
My cat had bright red blood in her stool today. I also can’t tell if the dark spot in the second photo is also blood? I figured it was the way it dried out.
Behavior and appetite is normal. We fed her some canned salmon about 3-4 days ago.
Nov. 16, 2020
Answered by Dr. Sara O. DVM
0 Recommendations
Hello So sorry to hear about your cat. This can be normal to have a small amount of blood if she was straining to poop. If the blood continues, it would be best for her to see a vet. Also if your cat's food is red in color it can cause their poop to have blood. Things you can try at home are probiotics.
Nov. 16, 2020
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tabby
Mama cat
12 Years
16 found this helpful
16 found this helpful
My pet has the following symptoms:
Weight Loss Not Eating Anddiarrhea
Hello, In the past month I have noticed that one of my cat has lost a lot of weight and has diarrhea. I took her in to be seen by the vet and he put her on an antibiotic and some other medication to build the good bacteria in her gut. We’ve been on the medications for almost 2 weeks in a improvement. We went back in and he put her on another antibiotic and anti-inflammatory meds. It seems like the diarrhea has gotten worse from puréed consistency to pure liquid coming out. She’s about 8 pounds or under when she used to be about 12 to 13 pounds. She’s been on steroids to antibiotics and the other medication to build her gut bacteria for three days
and no improvement. The vet has recommended to go in and do a ultrasound of her tummy. He thinks it’s Either cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Her white blood count is up also. I am a little bit lost because I feel like it’s either she’s going to be put down or have a chance at life. I wish the vet would’ve given me more insight and direction and I am lost at this point. She is on prednisolone 5 mg, metronidazole 0.5 ml biomox, pro pectolin
Sept. 22, 2018
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Intestinal Cancer Average Cost
From 496 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $8,000
Average Cost
$6,000
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